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Encoder-free multimodal large language models(MLLMs) eliminate the need for a well-trained vision encoder by directly processing image tokens before the language model. While this approach reduces computational overhead and model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tianle Li , Yongming Rao , Winston Hu , Yu Cheng

Pre-trained encoder-only and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models each have advantages, however training both model types from scratch is computationally expensive. We explore recipes to improve pre-training efficiency by initializing one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Saleh Soltan , Andy Rosenbaum , Tobias Falke , Qin Lu , Anna Rumshisky , Wael Hamza

In this work we present the experiments which lead to the creation of our BERT and ELECTRA based German language models, GBERT and GELECTRA. By varying the input training data, model size, and the presence of Whole Word Masking (WWM) we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Branden Chan , Stefan Schweter , Timo Möller

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has made distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code a critical challenge with implications for academic integrity, code quality assurance, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mahir Labib Dihan , Abir Muhtasim

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has shown marvelous improvements across various NLP tasks, and consecutive variants have been proposed to further improve the performance of the pre-trained language models. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has revolutionized the field of natural language processing through its exceptional performance on numerous tasks. Yet, the majority of researchers have mainly concentrated on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Wen Liang , Youzhi Liang

The success of bidirectional encoders using masked language models, such as BERT, on numerous natural language processing tasks has prompted researchers to attempt to incorporate these pre-trained models into neural machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Haoran Xu , Benjamin Van Durme , Kenton Murray

Retrieving specific information from a large corpus of documents is a prevalent industrial use case of modern AI, notably due to the popularity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Although neural document retrieval models have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Paul Teiletche , Quentin Macé , Max Conti , Antonio Loison , Gautier Viaud , Pierre Colombo , Manuel Faysse

Transformer is the state-of-the-art model in recent machine translation evaluations. Two strands of research are promising to improve models of this kind: the first uses wide networks (a.k.a. Transformer-Big) and has been the de facto…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Qiang Wang , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Changliang Li , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Large language models are powerful but costly. We ask whether meta-learning can make the pretraining of small language models not only better but also more interpretable. We integrate first-order MAML with subset-masked LM pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 David Demitri Africa , Yuval Weiss , Paula Buttery , Richard Diehl Martinez

Recent years have witnessed the rapid advance in neural machine translation (NMT), the core of which lies in the encoder-decoder architecture. Inspired by the recent progress of large-scale pre-trained language models on machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Shuo Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhixing Tan , Wenxuan Wang , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

Can pre-trained BERT for one language and GPT for another be glued together to translate texts? Self-supervised training using only monolingual data has led to the success of pre-trained (masked) language models in many NLP tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zewei Sun , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

Traditional wireless communications rely solely on bit-level channel coding for error correction, without exploiting the inherent linguistic structure of the data source. This paper proposes a large language model (LLM) Viterbi decoder that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhengtong Li , Chentao Yue , Jiafu Hao , Branka Vucetic , Yonghui Li

Large-scale Transformer models have significantly promoted the recent development of natural language processing applications. However, little effort has been made to unify the effective models. In this paper, driven by providing a new set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Dezhou Shen

Neural encoder-decoder models of machine translation have achieved impressive results, while learning linguistic knowledge of both the source and target languages in an implicit end-to-end manner. We propose a framework in which our model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Eliyahu Kiperwasser , Miguel Ballesteros

In this paper, we study trade-offs between efficiency, cost and accuracy when pre-training Transformer encoders with different pre-training objectives. For this purpose, we analyze features of common objectives and combine them to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Luca Di Liello , Matteo Gabburo , Alessandro Moschitti

We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

We explore the application of very deep Transformer models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Using a simple yet effective initialization technique that stabilizes training, we show that it is feasible to build standard Transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Xiaodong Liu , Kevin Duh , Liyuan Liu , Jianfeng Gao

This study presents German FinBERT, a novel pre-trained German language model tailored for financial textual data. The model is trained through a comprehensive pre-training process, leveraging a substantial corpus comprising financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Moritz Scherrmann

Assessing language proficiency is essential for education, as it enables instruction tailored to learners needs. This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatically classifying German texts according to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Elias-Leander Ahlers , Witold Brunsmann , Malte Schilling