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LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning

Software Engineering 2026-04-20 v1 Computation and Language

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has made distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code a critical challenge with implications for academic integrity, code quality assurance, and software security. We present LLMSniffer, a detection framework that fine-tunes GraphCodeBERT using a two-stage supervised contrastive learning pipeline augmented with comment removal preprocessing and an MLP classifier. Evaluated on two benchmark datasets - GPTSniffer and Whodunit - LLMSniffer achieves substantial improvements over prior baselines: accuracy increases from 70% to 78% on GPTSniffer (F1: 68% to 78%) and from 91% to 94.65% on Whodunit (F1: 91% to 94.64%). t-SNE visualizations confirm that contrastive fine-tuning yields well-separated, compact embeddings. We release our model checkpoints, datasets, codes and a live interactive demo to facilitate further research.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.16058,
  title  = {LLMSniffer: Detecting LLM-Generated Code via GraphCodeBERT and Supervised Contrastive Learning},
  author = {Mahir Labib Dihan and Abir Muhtasim},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.16058},
  year   = {2026}
}