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We prove the existence of time-periodic leapfrogging vortex rings for the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations, thereby providing a rigorous realization of a phenomenon first conjectured by Helmholtz (1858). In the leapfrogging…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Claudia García , Zineb Hassainia , Taoufik Hmidi

A classical problem in fluid dynamics concerns the interaction of multiple vortex rings sharing a common axis of symmetry in an incompressible, inviscid $3$-dimensional fluid. Helmholtz (1858) observed that a pair of similar thin, coaxial…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Juan Davila , Manuel del Pino , Monica Musso , Juncheng Wei

The evolution of highly concentrated vorticity around rings in the three-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations is studied in a regime for which the leapfrogging dynamics predicted by Helmholtz is expected to occur. We provide in this…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Martin Donati , Lars Eric Hientzsch , Christophe Lacave , Evelyne Miot

In this paper, we consider the existence of concentrated helical vortices of 3D incompressible Euler equations with swirl. First, without the assumption of the orthogonality condition, we derive a 2D vorticity-stream formulation of 3D…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Guolin Qin , Jie Wan

We consider an incompressible fluid with axial symmetry without swirl, assuming initial data such that the initial vorticity is very concentrated inside $N$ small disjoint rings of thickness $\varepsilon$, each one of vorticity mass and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Paolo Buttà , Guido Cavallaro , Carlo Marchioro

In this article, we construct traveling-rotating helical vortices with small cross-section to the 3D incompressible Euler equations in an infinite pipe, which tend asymptotically to singular helical vortex filament evolved by the binormal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Daomin Cao , Jie Wan

We consider the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equation \begin{equation*}\left\{\begin{aligned} &\partial_t \Omega+U \cdot \nabla \Omega-\Omega\cdot \nabla U=0 \\ &\Omega(x,0)=\Omega_0(x) \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*} under…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Dengjun Guo , Lifeng Zhao

In this paper we study concentrated solutions of the three-dimensional Euler equations in helical symmetry without swirl. We prove that any helical vorticity solution initially concentrated around helices of pairwise distinct radii remains…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Martin Donati , Christophe Lacave , Evelyne Miot

Helical Kelvin waves were conjectured to exist for the 3D Euler equations in Lucas and Dritschel \cite{LucDri} (as well as in \cite{Chu}) by studying dispersion relation for infinitesimal linear perturbations of a circular helically…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Daomin Cao , Boquan Fan , Rui Li , Guolin Qin

We revisit the vortex filament conjecture for three-dimensional inviscid and incompressible Euler flows with helical symmetry and no swirl. Using gluing arguments, we provide the first construction of a smooth helical vortex filament in the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Averkios Averkiou , Monica Musso

We consider the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations for helical flows without swirl. By adapting gluing techniques, we construct the first smooth multi-vortex solution in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^3$ exhibiting a cluster of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Averkios Averkiou , Monica Musso , Fang Yu

Klein, Majda, and Damodaran have previously developed a formalized asymptotic motion law describing the evolution of nearly parallel vortex filaments within the framework of the three-dimensional Euler equations for incompressible fluids.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Ignacio Guerra , Monica Musso

We study the global-in-time dynamics of vortex rings for the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations, under the assumption of axisymmetric flows without swirl. For a broad class of initial data sharing only the macroscopic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Dengjun Guo , In-Jee Jeong , Lifeng Zhao

Rapid new developments have occurred in superfluid hydrodynamics since the discovery of a host of unusual phenomena which arise from the diverse structure and dynamics of quantized vortices in 3He superfluids. These have been studied in…

Superconductivity · Physics 2011-02-28 A. P. Finne , V. B. Eltsov , R. Hanninen , N. B. Kopnin , J. Kopu , M. Krusius , M. Tsubota , G. E. Volovik

In the present note, we solved numerically the viscous vorticity equation of the initial-boundary value problem describing the classic Helmholtz phenomena of vortex interaction. In the leapfrogging of vortex pairs, we demonstrate the fact…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-24 F. Lam

We prove the global existence of a helical weak solution of the 3D Euler equations, in full space, for an initial velocity with helical symmetry, without swirl and whose initial vorticity is compactly supported in the axial plane and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-09-03 Anne C. Bronzi , Milton C. Lopes Filho , Helena J. Nussenzveig Lopes

We study the long-time behaviour of helically symmetric infinite-energy solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^3$. Our solutions are $H^1$-perturbations of a Lamb-Oseen vortex whose…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Quentin Vila

Two vortex rings can form a localized configuration whereby they continually pass through one another in an alternating fashion. This phenomenon is called leapfrogging. Using parameters suitable for superfluid helium-4, we describe a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-12-14 N. Hietala , R. Hänninen , H. Salman , C. F. Barenghi

In this paper we prove the existence of vortices, namely standing waves with non null angular momentum, for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in dimension $N\geq 3$. We show with variational methods that the existence of these kind of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Jacopo Bellazzini , Vieri Benci , Claudio Bonanno , Edoardo Sinibaldi

In this work we study the dynamical behavior of two interacting vortex pairs, each one of them consisting of two point vortices with opposite circulation in the 2d plane. The vortices are considered as effective particles and their…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2018-01-31 Brandon Whitchurch , Panayotis. G. Kevrekidis , Vassilis Koukouloyannis
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