Related papers: Are Multimodal Large Language Models Ready for Omn…

Real-world applications, such as autonomous driving and humanoid robot manipulation, require precise spatial perception. However, it remains underexplored how Vision-Language Models (VLMs) recognize spatial relationships and perceive…

Reasoning segmentation aims to segment target objects in complex scenes based on human intent and spatial reasoning. While recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive 2D image reasoning segmentation,…

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit major shortfalls when interpreting images and, by some measures, have poorer spatial cognition than small children or animals. Despite this, they attain high scores on many popular visual benchmarks,…

Open-world referring segmentation requires grounding unconstrained language expressions to precise pixel-level regions. Existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong open-world visual grounding, but their outputs remain…

AI models have achieved state-of-the-art results in textual reasoning; however, their ability to reason over spatial and relational structures remains a critical bottleneck -- particularly in early-grade maths, which relies heavily on…

Can multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) truly understand what they can see? Extending Searle's Chinese Room into the multi-modal domain, this paper proposes the Visual Room argument: MLLMs may describe every visual detail precisely…

Large multimodal models (LMMs) show strong visual-linguistic reasoning but their capacity for spatial decision-making and action remains unclear. In this work, we investigate whether LMMs can achieve embodied spatial action like human…

Unlocking spatial reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is crucial for enabling intelligent interaction with 3D environments. While prior efforts often rely on explicit 3D inputs or specialized model architectures, we ask:…

The emergence of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has triggered extensive research in model evaluation. While existing evaluation studies primarily focus on unimodal (vision-only) comprehension and reasoning capabilities, they…

With the current surge in spatial reasoning explorations, researchers have made significant progress in understanding indoor scenes, but still struggle with diverse applications such as robotics and autonomous driving. This paper aims to…

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in vision and visual-language tasks within the natural image domain. Owing to the significant diversities between the natural and remote sensing (RS) images, the…

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in vision-language understanding. However, enabling robust video spatial reasoning-the ability to comprehend object locations, orientations,…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently shown promising progress in geospatial reasoning. However, existing remote sensing benchmarks remain largely 2D-centric, evaluating models primarily on optical appearance. In natural…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet heterogeneity in architecture, alignment strategies, and efficiency means that no single model is uniformly superior across tasks. In practical deployments, workloads span…

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive results on single-view vision tasks, but lack the multi-view spatial reasoning capabilities essential for embodied AI systems to understand 3D environments and manipulate objects across…

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) offer a promising approach for natural language-based scene change queries in virtual reality (VR). Prior work on applying MLLMs for object state understanding has focused on…