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Graphical models and factor analysis are well-established tools in multivariate statistics. While these models can be both linked to structures exhibited by covariance and precision matrices, they are generally not jointly leveraged within…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-02 Alexandre Hippert-Ferrer , Florent Bouchard , Ammar Mian , Titouan Vayer , Arnaud Breloy

Many tasks such as retrieval and recommendations can significantly benefit from structuring the data, commonly in a hierarchical way. To achieve this through annotations of high dimensional data such as images or natural text can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Niels Hellinga , Vlado Menkovski

Hierarchical inference in (generalized) regression problems is powerful for finding significant groups or even single covariates, especially in high-dimensional settings where identifiability of the entire regression parameter vector may be…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Claude Renaux , Peter Bühlmann

The aim of this paper is to present the technique (and its linkage with physics) of overcoming problems connected to modeling social structures, which are typically hierarchical. Hierarchical Linear Models provide a conceptual and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Magdalena Jelonek

Factor analysis is a flexible technique for assessment of multivariate dependence and codependence. Besides being an exploratory tool used to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate data, it allows estimation of common factors that often…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-08 Vitor G. C. da Silva , Kelly C. M. Gonçalves , João B. M. Pereira

Numerous estimators have been proposed for factor analysis, and their statistical properties have been extensively studied. In the early 2000s, a novel matrix factorization-based approach, known as Matrix Decomposition Factor Analysis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Yoshikazu Terada

Model-based reinforcement learning is a powerful tool, but collecting data to fit an accurate model of the system can be costly. Exploring an unknown environment in a sample-efficient manner is hence of great importance. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Matthieu Blanke , Marc Lelarge

Scientists often want to learn about cause and effect from hierarchical data, collected from subunits nested inside units. Consider students in schools, cells in patients, or cities in states. In such settings, unit-level variables (e.g.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-27 Eli N. Weinstein , David M. Blei

Mathematical modelling is a widely used approach to understand and interpret clinical trial data. This modelling typically involves fitting mechanistic mathematical models to data from individual trial participants. Despite the widespread…

Multi-index models - functions which only depend on the covariates through a non-linear transformation of their projection on a subspace - are a useful benchmark for investigating feature learning with neural nets. This paper examines the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Troiani , Yatin Dandi , Leonardo Defilippis , Lenka Zdeborová , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala

Factor analysis is a widely used technique for dimension reduction in high-dimensional data. However, a key challenge in factor models lies in the interpretability of the latent factors. One intuitive way to interpret these factors is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-08 Xin Wang , Xialu Liu

Factor analysis aims to describe high dimensional random vectors by means of a small number of unknown common factors. In mathematical terms, it is required to decompose the covariance matrix $\Sigma$ of the random vector as the sum of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-02 Valentina Ciccone , Augusto Ferrante , Mattia Zorzi

Factor and sparse models are two widely used methods to impose a low-dimensional structure in high-dimensions. However, they are seemingly mutually exclusive. We propose a lifting method that combines the merits of these two models in a…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-09-07 Jianqing Fan , Ricardo Masini , Marcelo C. Medeiros

In this paper, we consider the nonstationary matrix-valued time series with common stochastic trends. Unlike the traditional factor analysis which flattens matrix observations into vectors, we adopt a matrix factor model in order to fully…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-25 Degui Li , Yayi Yan , Qiwei Yao

While there is substantial need for dependence models in higher dimensions, most existing models quickly become rather restrictive and barely balance parsimony and flexibility. Hierarchical constructions may improve on that by grouping…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-11 Eike Christian Brechmann

Factor analysis provides a canonical framework for imposing lower-dimensional structure such as sparse covariance in high-dimensional data. High-dimensional data on the same set of variables are often collected under different conditions,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-27 Noirrit Kiran Chandra , David B. Dunson , Jason Xu

In finance, economics and many other fields, observations in a matrix form are often observed over time. For example, many economic indicators are obtained in different countries over time. Various financial characteristics of many…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Dong Wang , Xialu Liu , Rong Chen

High-dimensional matrix-variate time series data are becoming widely available in many scientific fields, such as economics, biology, and meteorology. To achieve significant dimension reduction while preserving the intrinsic matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Ruey S. Tsay , Rong Chen

We develop a factor analysis for mixed continuous and binary observed variables. To this end, we utilized a recently developed multivariate probability distribution for mixed-type random variables, the Gaussian-Grassmann distribution. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Takashi Arai

We introduce a HD DCC-HEAVY class of hierarchical-type factor models for high-dimensional covariance matrices, employing the realized measures built from higher-frequency data. The modelling approach features straightforward estimation and…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-17 Emilija Dzuverovic , Matteo Barigozzi