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The rapid increase in the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased the cost involved in fine-tuning and retraining LLMs, a necessity for keeping models up to date and improving accuracy.…
Distributed architectures have become ubiquitous in many complex technical and socio-technical systems because of their role in improving uncertainty management, accommodating multiple stakeholders, and increasing scalability and…
This paper introduces a multi-agent framework guided by Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in the early stages of engineering design, a phase often characterized by vast parameter spaces and inherent uncertainty. Operating under a…
A software architect uses quality requirements to design the architecture of a system. However, it is essential to ensure that the system's final architectural design achieves the standard quality requirements. The existing architectural…
Although the concept of software diversity has been thoroughly adopted by software architects for many years, yet the advent of using diversity to achieve sustainability is overlooked. We argue that option thinking is an effective decision…
The widespread adoption of machine learning (ML) systems increased attention to their security and emergence of adversarial machine learning (AML) techniques that exploit fundamental vulnerabilities in ML systems, creating an urgent need…
Over the past two decades, researchers and engineers have extensively studied the problem of how to enable a software system to deal with uncertain operating conditions. One prominent solution to this problem is self-adaptation, which…
software component misuse a privileged relationship with the hardware to by pass system protections, monitors, or forensic tools. These relationships are often not illegal and exist between system components by design. Hence, even a system…
The continuing process of software systems enlargement in size and complexity becomes system design extremely important for software production. In this way, the role of software architecture is significantly important in software…
Time series forecasting plays a crucial role in data mining, driving rapid advancements across numerous industries. With the emergence of large models, time series foundation models (TSFMs) have exhibited remarkable generalization…
Software architecture is the foundation of a system's ability to achieve various quality attributes, including software performance. However, there lacks comprehensive and in-depth understanding of why and how software architecture and…
Research software is an integral part of most research today and it is widely accepted that research software artifacts should be accessible and reproducible. However, the sustainable archival of research software artifacts is an ongoing…
Implementing new features across an entire codebase presents a formidable challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This proactive task requires a deep understanding of the global system architecture to prevent unintended disruptions to…
This works considers challenges of building and usage a formal knowledge base (model), which unites the ATT&CK, CAPEC, CWE, CVE security enumerations. The proposed model can be used to learn relations between attack techniques, attack…
Quality attributes and constraints are among the main drivers of architectural decision making. The quality attributes are improved or damaged by the architectural decisions, while restrictions directly include or exclude parts of the…
In this paper, we propose an online-matching-based model to study the assignment problems arising in a wide range of online-matching markets, including online recommendations, ride-hailing platforms, and crowdsourcing markets. It features…
To facilitate understanding the architecture of a software system, we developed SArF Map technique that visualizes software architecture from feature and layer viewpoints using a city metaphor. SArF Map visualizes implicit software features…
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a standard paradigm for enhancing the factual accuracy and contextual relevance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval mechanisms. However, existing evaluation frameworks…
Architectural Design Rewriting (ADR, for short) is a rule-based formal framework for modelling the evolution of architectures of distributed systems. Rules allow ADR graphs to be refined. After equipping ADR with a simple logic, we equip…
Software systems that run for long periods often suffer from software aging, which is typically caused by Aging-Related Bugs (ARBs). To mitigate the risk of ARBs early in the development phase, ARB prediction has been introduced into…