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Due to the increasing sophistication of web attacks, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have to be tested and updated regularly to resist the relentless flow of web attacks. In practice, using a brute-force attack to discover vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Mohammadhossein Amouei , Mohsen Rezvani , Mansoor Fateh

Present day LLMs face the challenge of managing affordance-based safety risks-situations where outputs inadvertently facilitate harmful actions due to overlooked logical implications. Traditional safety solutions, such as scalar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sayantan Adak , Pratyush Chatterjee , Somnath Banerjee , Rima Hazra , Somak Aditya , Animesh Mukherjee

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), particularly with algorithms like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has proven highly effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shangyu Xing , Siyuan Wang , Chenyuan Yang , Xinyu Dai , Xiang Ren

Addressing the escalating security vulnerabilities in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, this study investigates backdoor attacks targeting the visual pathway. We identify a core obstacle causing the failure of traditional attack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kewei Chen , Yayu Long , Shuai Li , Mingsheng Shang

Defending against today's increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks requires security analysts to continuously translate evolving attacker tradecraft into detection logic. This places defenders in a reactive posture, requiring constantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Scott Freitas , Amir Gharib

Despite extensive safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. However, existing methods generally lack the capability for continuous learning and self-evolution from interactions, limiting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xu Liu , Yan Chen , Kan Ling , Yichi Zhu , Hengrun Zhang , Guisheng Fan , Huiqun Yu

Assessing the safety of autonomous driving (AD) systems against security threats, particularly backdoor attacks, is a stepping stone for real-world deployment. However, existing works mainly focus on pixel-level triggers that are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xuan Chen , Shiwei Feng , Zikang Xiong , Shengwei An , Yunshu Mao , Lu Yan , Guanhong Tao , Wenbo Guo , Xiangyu Zhang

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) operate in dynamic, open, and multi-domain networks, rendering them vulnerable to various threats. Trust Management Systems (TMS) systematically organize essential steps in the trust mechanism,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Qian Xu , Lei Zhang , Yixiao Liu

The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents in practical applications requires the consideration of suboptimal outcomes, depending on the familiarity of the agent with its environment. This is especially important in safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Frederik Schubert , Theresa Eimer , Bodo Rosenhahn , Marius Lindauer

Despite advancements in machine learning for security, rule-based detection remains prevalent in Security Operations Centers due to the resource intensiveness and skill gap associated with ML solutions. While traditional rule-based methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Sadegh Momeni , Ge Zhang , Birkett Huber , Hamza Harkous , Sam Lipton , Benoit Seguin , Yanis Pavlidis

As the technological advancement and capabilities of automated systems have increased drastically, the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles for performing human-dependent tasks without human indulgence has also spiked. Since unmanned aerial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Yasir Ali Farrukh , Irfan Khan

The security of cloud environments, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), is complex and dynamic. Static security policies have become inadequate as threats evolve and cloud resources exhibit elasticity [1]. This paper addresses the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Muhammad Saqib , Dipkumar Mehta , Fnu Yashu , Shubham Malhotra

Designing reinforcement learning curricula for agile robots traditionally requires extensive manual tuning of reward functions, environment randomizations, and training configurations. We introduce AURA (Autonomous Upskilling with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Alvin Zhu , Yusuke Tanaka , Andrew Goldberg , Dennis Hong

Autonomous LLM agents operate as long-running processes with persistent workspaces, memory files, scheduled task state, and messaging integrations. These features create a new propagation risk: attacker-influenced content can be written…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mingming Zha , Xiaofeng Wang

As cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and frequency, robust endpoint protection is essential for organizational security. This paper presents "Endpoint Security Agent: A Comprehensive Approach to Real-time System Monitoring and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Srihari R , Ayesha Taranum , Karthik , Mohammed Usman Hussain

As autonomous agentic AI systems see increasing adoption across organisations, persistent challenges in alignment, governance, and risk management threaten to impede deployment at scale. We present AURA (Agent aUtonomy Risk Assessment), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Lorenzo Satta Chiris , Ayush Mishra

The rapid advancements in autonomous vehicle software present both opportunities and challenges, especially in enhancing road safety. The primary objective of autonomous vehicles is to reduce accident rates through improved safety measures.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Carlos Conejo , Vicenç Puig , Bernardo Morcego , Francisco Navas , Vicente Milanés

Functional safety forms an important aspect in the design of systems. Its emphasis on the automotive industry has evolved significantly over the years. Till date many methods have been developed to get appropriate FTA(Fault Tree analysis)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-25 Sneha Sudhir Shetiya , Divya Garikapati , Veeraja Sohoni

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for collaborative model training while keeping client data decentralized and private. However, it is vulnerable to Data Reconstruction Attacks (DRA) such as "LoKI" and "Robbing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Meghali Nandi , Arash Shaghaghi , Nazatul Haque Sultan , Gustavo Batista , Raymond K. Zhao , Sanjay Jha

The emerging wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) have brought significant improvements in electric grids' situational awareness. However, the newly introduced system can potentially increase the risk of cyber-attacks, which may be disguised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Gabriel Intriago , Yu Zhang