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Navigating dynamic urban environments presents significant challenges for embodied agents, requiring advanced spatial reasoning and adherence to common-sense norms. Despite progress, existing visual navigation methods struggle in map-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xinhao Liu , Jintong Li , Yicheng Jiang , Niranjan Sujay , Zhicheng Yang , Juexiao Zhang , John Abanes , Jing Zhang , Chen Feng

Navigation is crucial for animal behavior and is assumed to require an internal representation of the external environment, termed a cognitive map. The precise form of this representation is often considered to be a metric representation of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-10 Tie Xu , Omri Barak

Flexible cognition requires the ability to rapidly detect systematic functions of variables and guide future behavior based on predictions. The model described here proposes a potential framework for patterns of neural activity to detect…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-17 Michael E. Hasselmo

Cognitive maps play a crucial role in facilitating flexible behaviour by representing spatial and conceptual relationships within an environment. The ability to learn and infer the underlying structure of the environment is crucial for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Daria de Tinguy , Toon Van de Maele , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Humans are expert explorers. Understanding the computational cognitive mechanisms that support this efficiency can advance the study of the human mind and enable more efficient exploration algorithms. We hypothesize that humans explore new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Sugandha Sharma , Aidan Curtis , Marta Kryven , Josh Tenenbaum , Ila Fiete

Humans and animals excel in combining information from multiple sensory modalities, controlling their complex bodies, adapting to growth, failures, or using tools. These capabilities are also highly desirable in robots. They are displayed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Matej Hoffmann

Embodied intelligence posits that cognitive capabilities fundamentally emerge from - and are shaped by - an agent's real-time sensorimotor interactions with its environment. Such adaptive behavior inherently requires continuous inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Bin Liu

Passive visual systems typically fail to recognize objects in the amodal setting where they are heavily occluded. In contrast, humans and other embodied agents have the ability to move in the environment, and actively control the viewing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Jianwei Yang , Zhile Ren , Mingze Xu , Xinlei Chen , David Crandall , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra

World models enable agents to predict future dynamics conditioned on actions, making the choice of latent representation central to planning and control. Such representations are often either learned directly from pixels with limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Minghao Fu , Fan Feng , Nicklas Hansen , Biwei Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated exceptional general reasoning capabilities. However, their performance in embodied navigation remains hindered by a scarcity of aligned open-world vision and robot control data. Despite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhixuan Shen , Jiawei Du , Ziyu Guo , Han Luo , Lilan Peng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Haonan Luo , Tianrui Li

Human learning and intelligence work differently from the supervised pattern recognition approach adopted in most deep learning architectures. Humans seem to learn rich representations by exploration and imitation, build causal models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Martin Stetter , Elmar W. Lang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved strong semantic generalization for embodied policy learning, yet they learn reactive observation-to-action mappings without explicitly modeling how the physical world evolves under…

A navigable agent needs to understand both high-level semantic instructions and precise spatial perceptions. Building navigation agents centered on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrates a promising solution due to their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zerui Li , Hongpei Zheng , Fangguo Zhao , Aidan Chan , Jian Zhou , Sihao Lin , Shijie Li , Qi Wu

Embodied agents, trained to explore and navigate indoor photorealistic environments, have achieved impressive results on standard datasets and benchmarks. So far, experiments and evaluations have involved domestic and working scenes like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Roberto Bigazzi , Federico Landi , Silvia Cascianelli , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

This paper frames a general prediction system as an observer traveling around a continuous space, measuring values at some locations, and predicting them at others. The observer is completely agnostic about any particular task being solved;…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Elliot Meyerson , Risto Miikkulainen

This paper presents a computational model of the processing of dynamic spatial relations occurring in an embodied robotic interaction setup. A complete system is introduced that allows autonomous robots to produce and interpret dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Michael Spranger , Jakob Suchan , Mehul Bhatt , Manfred Eppe

We present an end-to-end procedure for embodied exploration inspired by two biological computations: predictive coding and uncertainty minimization. The procedure can be applied to exploration settings in a task-independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Abdelrahman Sharafeldin , Nabil Imam , Hannah Choi

Vision Language Action models (VLAs) trained with policy-based reinforcement learning (RL) encode complex behaviors without explicitly modeling environmental dynamics. However, it remains unclear whether VLAs implicitly learn world models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Marco Molinari , Leonardo Nevali , Saharsha Navani , Omar G. Younis

Communication between embodied AI agents has received increasing attention in recent years. Despite its use, it is still unclear whether the learned communication is interpretable and grounded in perception. To study the grounding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Shivansh Patel , Saim Wani , Unnat Jain , Alexander Schwing , Svetlana Lazebnik , Manolis Savva , Angel X. Chang

Intelligent embodied agents (e.g. robots) need to perform complex semantic tasks in unfamiliar environments. Among many skills that the agents need to possess, building and maintaining a semantic map of the environment is most crucial in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sonia Raychaudhuri , Angel X. Chang