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Internet of Things (IoT) applications have the potential to derive sensitive information about individuals. Therefore, developers must exercise due diligence to make sure that data are managed according to the privacy regulations and data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Atheer Aljeraisy , Masoud Barati , Omer Rana , Charith Perera

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becomes a standard law for data protection in many countries. Currently, twelve countries adopt the regulation and establish their GDPR-like regulation. However, to evaluate the differences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Kornraphop Kawintiranon , Yaguang Liu

Over the past decade, Internet centralization and its implications for both people and the resilience of the Internet has become a topic of active debate. While the networking community informally agrees on the definition of centralization,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Gautam Akiwate , Kimberly Ruth , Rumaisa Habib , Zakir Durumeric

Internet measurement research is essential for understanding, improving, and securing Internet infrastructure. However, its methods often involve large-scale data collection and user observation, raising complex ethical questions. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sahibzada Farhan Amin , Sana Athar , Anja Feldmann , Ha Dao , Mannat Kaur

Data-driven applications and services have been increasingly deployed in all aspects of life including healthcare and medical services in which a huge amount of personal data is collected, aggregated, and processed in a centralised server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Naila Azam , Anna Lito Michala , Shuja Ansari , Nguyen Truong

The treatment of Internet traffic is increasingly affected by national policies that require the ISPs in a country to adopt common protocols or practices. Examples include government enforced censorship, wiretapping, and protocol deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-03-19 Josh Karlin , Stephanie Forrest , Jennifer Rexford

In this paper, we investigate the implications of the General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) on the design of an IoT healthcare system. On 25th May 2018, the GDPR has become mandatory within the European Union and hence also for all…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Florian Kammüller , Oladapo O. Ogunyanwo , Christian W. Probst

To protect users' privacy, legislators have regulated the usage of tracking technologies, mandating the acquisition of users' consent before collecting data. Consequently, websites started showing more and more consent management modules --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio , Marco Mellia

Since the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018 more than 60 % of popular websites in Europe display cookie consent notices to their visitors. This has quickly led to users becoming fatigued with privacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Christine Utz , Martin Degeling , Sascha Fahl , Florian Schaub , Thorsten Holz

Background: Governments worldwide are considering data privacy regulations. These laws, e.g. the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), require software developers to meet privacy-related requirements when interacting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lucas Franke , Huayu Liang , Sahar Farzanehpour , Aaron Brantly , James C. Davis , Chris Brown

The General Data Protection Regulation contains a blanket prohibition on the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area unless strict requirements are met. The rationale for this provision is to protect personal data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Paulius Jurcys , Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci , Mark Fenwick

Understanding where Internet services are hosted, and how users reach them, has captured the interest of government regulators and others concerned with the privacy of data flows. In this paper we focus on government websites -- services…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Alisha Ukani , Katherine Izhikevich , Shambhavi Mittal , Manan Patel , Samvrit Srinath , Kristy Ly , kc claffy , Alex C. Snoeren

The EU GDPR is a landmark regulation that introduced several rights for individuals to obtain information and control how their personal data is being processed, as well as receive a copy of it. However, there are gaps in the effective use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Beatriz Esteves , Harshvardhan J. Pandit , Georg P. Krog , Paul Ryan

Third-party tracking, the collection and sharing of behavioural data about individuals, is a significant and ubiquitous privacy threat in mobile apps. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in 2018 to protect…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Konrad Kollnig , Reuben Binns , Max Van Kleek , Ulrik Lyngs , Jun Zhao , Claudine Tinsman , Nigel Shadbolt

The upcoming European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) prohibits the processing and exploitation of some categories of personal data (health, political orientation, sexual preferences, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, etc.) due to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-21 José González Cabañas , Ángel Cuevas , Rubén Cuevas

The reliance of Large Language Models and Internet of Things systems on massive, globally distributed data flows creates systemic security and privacy challenges. When data traverses borders, it becomes subject to conflicting legal regimes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chalitha Handapangoda

The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) strengthened several rights for individuals (data subjects). One of these is the data subjects' right to access their personal data being collected by services (data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Nicola Leschke , Daniela Pöhn , Frank Pallas

Data sent over the Internet can be monitored and manipulated by intermediate entities in the data path from the source to the destination. For unencrypted communications (and some encrypted communications with known weaknesses),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Peter Mell , Assane Gueye , Christopher Schanzle

European digital sovereignty and security increasingly depends on whether high-impact decisions can be grounded in location evidence that remains credible under adversarial pressure. This paper frames a cross-sector analysis as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Eduardo Brito , Liina Kamm

Data collection purposes and their descriptions are presented on almost all privacy notices under the GDPR, yet there is a lack of research focusing on how effective they are at informing users about data practices. We fill this gap by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lin Kyi , Abraham Mhaidli , Cristiana Santos , Franziska Roesner , Asia Biega