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Related papers: Empirically Measuring Data Localization in the EU

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The presence of third-party tracking on websites has become customary. However, our understanding of the third-party ecosystem is still very rudimentary. We examine third-party trackers from a geographical perspective, observing the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Marjan Falahrastegar , Hamed Haddadi , Steve Uhlig , Richard Mortier

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in May 2018, leads to important changes in this area: companies are now required to ask for users' consent before collecting and sharing personal data and by law…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Tobias Urban , Dennis Tatang , Martin Degeling , Thorsten Holz , Norbert Pohlmann

The privacy community has a long track record of investigating emerging types of web tracking techniques. Recent work has focused on compliance of web trackers with new privacy laws such as Europe's GDPR and California's CCPA. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Shaoor Munir , Nurullah Demir , Qian Li , Konrad Kollnig , Zubair Shafiq

Article 5(1)(c) of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires that "personal data shall be [...] adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Asia J. Biega , Peter Potash , Hal Daumé , Fernando Diaz , Michèle Finck

This paper introduces the strategic approach to regulating personal data and the normative foundations of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ('GDPR'). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chris Jay Hoofnagle , Bart van der Sloot , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

IP Geolocation is a key enabler for the Future Internet to provide geographical location information for application services. For example, this data is used by Content Delivery Networks to assign users to mirror servers, which are close…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Peter Hillmann , Lars Stiemert , Gabi Dreo , Oliver Rose

This PhD thesis discusses how European law could improve privacy protection in the area of behavioural targeting. Behavioural targeting, also referred to as online profiling, involves monitoring people's online behaviour, and using the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Frederik Johannes Zuiderveen Borgesius

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that will replace the existing Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018. The most significant change is a huge increase in the maximum fine that can be levied for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 John KC Kingston

IP geolocation - the process of mapping network identifiers to physical locations - has myriad applications. We examine a large collection of snapshots from a popular geolocation database and take a first look at its longitudinal…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Matthieu Gouel , Kevin Vermeulen , Olivier Fourmaux , Timur Friedman , Robert Beverly

As a result of the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, European users encounter cookie banners on almost every website. Many of such banners are implemented by Consent Management Providers (CMPs), who respect the IAB Europe's Transparency and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Célestin Matte , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos

User quality of experience in the context of Web browsing is being researched widely, with plenty of developments occurring alongside technological advances, not seldom driven by big industry players. With the huge reach and infrastructure…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jayasree Sengupta , Tanya Shreedhar , Dinh Nguyen , Robert Kramer , Vaibhav Bajpai

Since the introduction of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), software developers increasingly have to make privacy-related decisions during system design and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Stefan Albert Horstmann , Sandy Hong , Maziar Niazian , Cristiana Santos , Alena Naiakshina

The geographical location of Internet IP addresses has an importance both for academic research and commercial applications. Thus, both commercial and academic databases and tools are available for mapping IP addresses to geographic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Yuval Shavitt , Noa Zilberman

The main goal of this paper is to study how often cookie banners that comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contain aesthetic manipulation, a design tactic to draw users' attention to the button that permits personal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riley Grossman , Michael Smith , Cristian Borcea , Yi Chen

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) calls for technical and organizational measures to support its implementation. Towards this end, the SPECIAL H2020 project aims to provide a set of tools that can be used by data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Piero A. Bonatti , Sabrina Kirrane , Iliana M. Petrova , Luigi Sauro

When does Internet traffic cross international borders? This question has major geopolitical, legal and social implications and is surprisingly difficult to answer. A critical stumbling block is a dearth of tools that accurately map routers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Muzammil Abdul Rehman , Sharon Goldberg , David Choffnes

Compliance with the European Union's Platform-to-Business (P2B) Regulation is challenging for online platforms, and assessing their compliance can be difficult for public authorities. This is partly due to the lack of automated tools for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Francesco Sovrano , Michaël Lognoul , Alberto Bacchelli

We present PORT, a software platform for local data extraction and analysis of digital trace data. While digital trace data collected by private and public parties hold a huge potential for social-scientific discovery, their most useful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Laura Boeschoten , Adriënne Mendrik , Emiel van der Veen , Jeroen Vloothuis , Haili Hu , Roos Voorvaart , Daniel Oberski

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) forces IT companies to comply with a number of principles when dealing with European citizens' personal data. Non-compliant companies are exposed to penalties which may represent up to 4% of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alain Tchana , Raphael Colin , Adrien Le Berre , Vincent Berger , Benoit Combemale , Natacha Crooks , Ludovic Pailler

Internet censorship impacts large segments of the Internet, but so far, prior work has focused almost exclusively on performing measurements using IPv4. As the Internet grows, and more users connect, IPv6 is increasingly supported and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ian Martiny , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Jack Wampler , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow