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In the last twenty years network science has proven its strength in modelling many real-world interacting systems as generic agents, the nodes, connected by pairwise edges. Yet, in many relevant cases, interactions are not pairwise but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-26 Timoteo Carletti , Federico Battiston , Giulia Cencetti , Duccio Fanelli

Recently, graph neural networks have attracted great attention and achieved prominent performance in various research fields. Most of those algorithms have assumed pairwise relationships of objects of interest. However, in many real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Song Bai , Feihu Zhang , Philip H. S. Torr

Gy\'arf\'as famously showed that in every $r$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$, there is a monochromatic connected component with at least $\frac{n}{r-1}$ vertices. A recent line of study by Conlon, Tyomkyn, and the second…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Lyuben Lichev , Sammy Luo

Higher-order networks effectively represent complex systems with group interactions. Existing methods usually overlook the relative contribution of group interactions (hyperlinks) of different sizes to the overall network structure. Yet,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-26 Alberto Ceria , Frank W. Takes

We study the effect of structured higher-order interactions on the collective behavior of coupled phase oscillators. By combining a hypergraph generative model with dimensionality reduction techniques, we obtain a reduced system of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-03-14 Sabina Adhikari , Juan G. Restrepo , Per Sebastian Skardal

In this paper we study fundamental connectivity properties of hypergraphs from a graph-theoretic perspective, with the emphasis on cut edges, cut vertices, and blocks. To prepare the ground, we define various types of subhypergraphs, as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-29 M. Amin Bahmanian , Mateja Šajna

The conventional definition of hypergraph has two major issues: (1) there is not a standard definition of directed hypergraph and (2) there is not a formal definition of nested hypergraph. To resolve these issues, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Daniel T. Chang

Non-reciprocal interactions play a crucial role in many social and biological complex systems. While directionality has been thoroughly accounted for in networks with pairwise interactions, its effects in systems with higher-order…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-10-22 Luca Gallo , Riccardo Muolo , Lucia Valentina Gambuzza , Vito Latora , Mattia Frasca , Timoteo Carletti

Coupled oscillator networks provide mathematical models for interacting periodic processes. If the coupling is weak, phase reduction -- the reduction of the dynamics onto an invariant torus -- captures the emergence of collective dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Christian Bick , Tobias Böhle , Christian Kuehn

A model of computation that is widely used in the formal analysis of reactive systems is symbolic algorithms. In this model the access to the input graph is restricted to consist of symbolic operations, which are expensive in comparison to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Wolfgang Dvořák , Monika Henzinger , Veronika Loitzenbauer

We present faster algorithms for computing the 2-edge and 2-vertex strongly connected components of a directed graph, which are straightforward generalizations of strongly connected components. While in undirected graphs the 2-edge and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Monika Henzinger , Sebastian Krinninger , Veronika Loitzenbauer

Recent studies have shown that novel collective behaviors emerge in complex systems due to the presence of higher-order interactions. However, how the collective behavior of a system is influenced by the microscopic organization of its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-01 Federico Malizia , Santiago Lamata-Otín , Mattia Frasca , Vito Latora , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Hypergraphs capture the higher-order interactions in complex systems and always admit a factor graph representation, consisting of a bipartite network of nodes and hyperedges. As hypegraphs are ubiquitous, investigating hypergraph…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-08 Ginestra Bianconi , Sergey N. Dorogovtsev

Graph representation learning has made major strides over the past decade. However, in many relational domains, the input data are not suited for simple graph representations as the relationships between entities go beyond pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Balasubramaniam Srinivasan , Da Zheng , George Karypis

Higher-order networks, naturally described as hypergraphs, are essential for modeling real-world systems involving interactions among three or more entities. Stochastic block models offer a principled framework for characterizing mesoscale…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kazuki Nakajima , Yuya Sasaki , Takeaki Uno , Masaki Aida

A hypergraph is a generalization of an ordinary graph, and it naturally represents group interactions as hyperedges (i.e., arbitrary-sized subsets of nodes). Such group interactions are ubiquitous in many domains: the sender and receivers…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Hyunjin Choo , Kijung Shin

Hypergraphs naturally represent group interactions, which are omnipresent in many domains: collaborations of researchers, co-purchases of items, and joint interactions of proteins, to name a few. In this work, we propose tools for answering…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Geon Lee , Seokbum Yoon , Jihoon Ko , Hyunju Kim , Kijung Shin

Many complex systems involve interactions between more than two agents. Hypergraphs capture these higher-order interactions through hyperedges that may link more than two nodes. We consider the problem of embedding a hypergraph into…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Xue Gong , Desmond J. Higham , Konstantinos Zygalakis

We study the properties of the giant connected component in random graphs with arbitrary degree distribution. We concentrate on the degree-degree correlations. We show that the adjoining nodes in the giant connected component are correlated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-05-11 Piotr Bialas , Andrzej K. Oleś

Hypergraphs, capable of representing high-order interactions via hyperedges, have become a powerful tool for modeling real-world biological and social systems. Inherent relationships within these real-world systems, such as the encoding…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Li Ni , Ziqi Deng , Lin Mu , Lei Zhang , Wenjian Luo , Yiwen Zhang