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An appealing feature of blockchain technology is smart contracts. A smart contract is executable code that runs on top of the blockchain to facilitate, execute and enforce an agreement between untrusted parties without the involvement of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Maher Alharby , Aad van Moorsel

We describe a method and tool called \textit{ContractCheck} that allows for the consistency analysis of legal contracts, in particular Sales Purchase Agreements (SPAs). The analysis relies on an encoding of the premises for the execution of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Alan Khoja , Martin Kölbl , Stefan Leue , Rüdiger Wilhelmi

Multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) are trained on a large amount of text-image data. While most mLLMs are trained on caption-like data only, Alayrac et al. (2022) showed that additionally training them on interleaved sequences of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Matthieu Futeral , Armel Zebaze , Pedro Ortiz Suarez , Julien Abadji , Rémi Lacroix , Cordelia Schmid , Rachel Bawden , Benoît Sagot

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has recently emerged as a standardized interface for connecting language models with external tools and data. As the ecosystem rapidly expands, the lack of a structured, comprehensive view of existing MCP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhiwei Lin , Bonan Ruan , Jiahao Liu , Weibo Zhao

The availability of large, high-quality emotional speech databases is essential for advancing speech emotion recognition (SER) in real-world scenarios. However, many existing databases face limitations in size, emotional balance, and…

Multi-party contract signing (MPCS) protocols allow a group of signers to exchange signatures on a predefined contract. Previous approaches considered either completely linear protocols or fully parallel broadcasting protocols. We introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-18 Sjouke Mauw , Sasa Radomirovic

The EcoLexicon English Corpus (EEC) is a 23.1-million-word corpus of contemporary environmental texts. It was compiled by the LexiCon research group for the development of EcoLexicon (Faber, Leon-Arauz & Reimerink 2016; San Martin et al.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Pilar Leon-Arauz , Antonio San Martin , Arianne Reimerink

A smart contract is a computer program which allows users to automate their actions on the blockchain platform. Given the significance of smart contracts in supporting important activities across industry sectors including supply chain,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Palina Tolmach , Yi Li , Shang-Wei Lin , Yang Liu , Zengxiang Li

Keeping track of all relevant recent publications and experimental results for a research area is a challenging task. Prior work has demonstrated the efficacy of information extraction models in various scientific areas. Recently, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Timo Pierre Schrader , Matteo Finco , Stefan Grünewald , Felix Hildebrand , Annemarie Friedrich

As electronically stored data grow in daily life, obtaining novel and relevant information becomes challenging in text mining. Thus people have sought statistical methods based on term frequency, matrix algebra, or topic modeling for text…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Clint P. George , Wei Xia , George Michailidis

Recognizing events and their coreferential mentions in a document is essential for understanding semantic meanings of text. The existing research on event coreference resolution is mostly limited to news articles. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Kangda Wei , Xi Shi , Jonathan Tong , Sai Ramana Reddy , Anandhavelu Natarajan , Rajiv Jain , Aparna Garimella , Ruihong Huang

Reviewing contracts is a time-consuming procedure that incurs large expenses to companies and social inequality to those who cannot afford it. In this work, we propose "document-level natural language inference (NLI) for contracts", a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Yuta Koreeda , Christopher D. Manning

The Contract Net Protocol (1980) introduced coordination through contracts in multi-agent systems. Modern agent protocols standardize connectivity and interoperability; yet, none provide formal, resource governance-normative mechanisms to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qing Ye , Jing Tan

Contracts play an important role in business where relationships among different parties are dictated by legal rules. The notion of electronic contracts has emerged mostly due to technological advances and the electronic trading among…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Adilson Luiz Bonifacio , Wellington Aparecido Della Mura

Large, pre-trained transformer models like BERT have achieved state-of-the-art results on document understanding tasks, but most implementations can only consider 512 tokens at a time. For many real-world applications, documents can be much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Allison Hegel , Marina Shah , Genevieve Peaslee , Brendan Roof , Emad Elwany

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to invoke external tools through natural-language descriptions, forming the foundation of many AI agent applications. However, MCP does not enforce consistency between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhihao Li , Boyang Ma , Xuelong Dai , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Biwei Yan , Kun Li

Agentic AI systems built around large language models (LLMs) are moving away from closed, single-model frameworks and toward open ecosystems that connect a variety of agents, external tools, and resources. The Model Context Protocol (MCP)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyi Hou , Shenao Wang , Yifan Zhang , Ziluo Xue , Yanjie Zhao , Cai Fu , Haoyu Wang

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their potential has gained significant attention in Chinese Classical Studies (CCS). While existing research primarily focuses on text and visual modalities, the audio…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yexing Du , Kaiyuan Liu , Bihe Zhang , Youcheng Pan , Bo Yang , Liangyu Huo , Xiyuan Zhang , Jian Xie , Daojing He , Yang Xiang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

The People's Speech is a free-to-download 30,000-hour and growing supervised conversational English speech recognition dataset licensed for academic and commercial usage under CC-BY-SA (with a CC-BY subset). The data is collected via…

This study reviewed the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, focusing on their training corpora, customization techniques, and evaluation metrics. A systematic search of studies from 2021 to 2024 identified 61 articles. Four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuqi Yang , Mingrui Jing , Shuai Wang , Jiaxin Kou , Manfei Shi , Weijie Xing , Yan Hu , Zheng Zhu