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Precise measurement of the angular deviation of an object is a common task in science and technology. Many methods use light for this purpose. Some of these exploit interference effects to achieve technological advantages, such as…
To obtain spatial information about an arbitrary object in x-ray structure analysis, the standard method is to measure the intensity in the far field, i.e., the first-order photon correlation function of the coherently scattered x-ray…
Wavefront-marking X-ray imaging techniques use e.g., sandpaper or a grating to generate intensity fluctuations, and analyze their distortion by the sample in order to retrieve attenuation, phase-contrast, and dark-field information. Phase…
Interferometers play an increasingly important role for spatially resolved observations. If employed at full potential, interferometry can probe an enormous dynamic range in spatial scale. Interpretation of the observed visibilities…
We proposed a novel approach to coherent imaging of dynamic samples. The inter-frame similarity of the sample's local structures is found to be a powerful constraint in phasing a sequence of diffraction patterns. We devised a new image…
Phase-contrast imaging is an emerging technology that may increase the signal-difference-to-noise ratio in medical imaging. One of the most promising phase-contrast techniques is Talbot interferometry, which, combined with energy-sensitive…
This paper reported a general noninterferometric high-accuracy quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method for arbitrary complex valued objects. Given by a typical 4f optical configuration as the imaging system, three frames of small-window…
Astronomers usually need the highest angular resolution possible, but the blurring effect of diffraction imposes a fundamental limit on the image quality from any single telescope. Interferometry allows light collected at widely-separated…
A shearing interferometer is presented which uses polarization control to shear the wavefront and to modulate the interference pattern. The shear is generated by spatial walk-off in a birefringent crystal. By adjusting the orientation of…
Imaging the direct light signal from a faint exoplanet against the overwhelming glare of its host star presents one of the fundamental challenges to modern astronomical instrumentation. Achieving sufficient signal-to-noise for detection by…
The correction of the influence of phase corrugation in the pupil plane is a fundamental issue in achieving high dynamic range imaging. In this paper, we investigate an instrumental setup which consists in applying interferometric…
In many areas of imaging science, it is difficult to measure the phase of linear measurements. As such, one often wishes to reconstruct a signal from intensity measurements, that is, perform phase retrieval. In this paper, we provide a…
The displacement field in highly non uniformly strained crystals is obtained by addition of constraints to an iterative phase retrieval algorithm. These constraints include direct space density uniformity and also constraints to the sign…
X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging (PCI) yields absorption, differential phase, and dark-field images. Computed Tomography (CT) of grating-based PCI can in principle provide high-resolution soft-tissue contrast. Recently, grating-based PCI took…
Radio interferometers are phased arrays producing high-resolution images from the covariance matrix of measurements. Calibration of such instruments is necessary and is a critical task. This is how the estimation of instrumental errors is…
Ultrafast X-ray imaging provides high resolution information on individual fragile specimens such as aerosols, metastable particles, superfluid quantum systems and live biospecimen, which is inaccessible with conventional imaging…
Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) is a surface sensitive X-ray investigation technique (or geometry configuration) that can reveal the structural properties of a film deposited on a flat substrate. The term grazing indicates that…
Three-dimensional x-ray CT image reconstruction in baggage scanning in security applications is an important research field. The variety of materials to be reconstructed is broader than medical x-ray imaging. Presence of high attenuating…
Biological soft tissues encountered in clinical and pre-clinical imaging mainly consist of light element atoms, and their composition is nearly uniform with little density variation. Thus, x-ray attenuation imaging suffers from low image…
Quantitative characterization of the spatial structure of single photons is essential for free-space quantum communication and quantum imaging. We introduce an interferometric technique that enables the complete characterization of a…