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Centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) is a standard framework for cooperative multi-agent policy-gradient reinforcement learning, allowing agents to learn from joint information while acting from local observations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chulabhaya Wijesundara , Andrea Baisero , Zhongheng Li , Gregory Castañón , Alan Carlin , Christopher Amato

Non-stationarity is one thorny issue in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). One of the reasons is the policy changes of agents during the learning process. Some existing works have discussed various consequences caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Wenhao Li , Xiangfeng Wang , Bo Jin , Junjie Sheng , Hongyuan Zha

Mean-field games have been used as a theoretical tool to obtain an approximate Nash equilibrium for symmetric and anonymous $N$-player games. However, limiting applicability, existing theoretical results assume variations of a "population…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Batuhan Yardim , Semih Cayci , Matthieu Geist , Niao He

We study the policy evaluation problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning where a group of agents, with jointly observed states and private local actions and rewards, collaborate to learn the value function of a given policy via local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Dongsheng Ding , Xiaohan Wei , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Mihailo R. Jovanović

Multi-agent systems outperform single agent in complex collaborative tasks. However, in large-scale scenarios, ensuring timely information exchange during decentralized task execution remains a challenge. This work presents an online…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Junjie Wang , Meng Guo , Zhongkui Li

In a multi-agent setting, the optimal policy of a single agent is largely dependent on the behavior of other agents. We investigate the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning, focusing on decentralized learning in non-stationary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Anahita Mohseni-Kabir , David Isele , Kikuo Fujimura

We propose and analyze a framework for mean-field Markov games under model uncertainty. In this framework, a state-measure flow describing the collective behavior of a population affects the given reward function as well as the unknown…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-16 Johannes Langner , Ariel Neufeld , Kyunghyun Park

In the study of reactive systems, qualitative properties are usually easier to model and analyze than quantitative properties. This is especially true in systems where mutually beneficial cooperation between agents is possible, such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Senthil Rajasekaran , Suguman Bansal , Moshe Y. Vardi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) becomes more challenging in the presence of more agents, as the capacity of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. To address such a challenge of scale, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Yan Li , Lingxiao Wang , Jiachen Yang , Ethan Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Tuo Zhao , Hongyuan Zha

Coordinated missions involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in dynamic environments pose significant challenges in maintaining both coordination and agility. In this paper, relying on the cooperative path following framework and using a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mikayel Aramyan , Anna Manucharyan , Lusine Poghosyan , Tigran Bakaryan , Naira Hovakimyan

Keeping risk under control is often more crucial than maximizing expected rewards in real-world decision-making situations, such as finance, robotics, autonomous driving, etc. The most natural choice of risk measures is variance, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Xiaoteng Ma , Shuai Ma , Li Xia , Qianchuan Zhao

We introduce and study the multi-agent stochastic shortest path (MSSP) problem, in which $k$ agents strive to reach a target state, aiming to minimize the expected time to reach the target by any agent. We analyze the computational and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Martin Jonáš , Antonín Kučera , Vojtěch Kůr , Jan Mačák , Vojtěch Řehák

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

We study policy optimization in Stackelberg mean field games (MFGs), a hierarchical framework for modeling the strategic interaction between a single leader and an infinitely large population of homogeneous followers. The objective can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihan Zeng , Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sujay Bhatt , Leo Ardon , Sumitra Ganesh , Alec Koppel

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism facilitates otherwise intractable computation of approximate Nash equilibria in many-agent settings. In this paper, we consider discrete-time finite MFGs subject to finite-horizon objectives. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Stochastic games are a well established model for multi-agent sequential decision making under uncertainty. In practical applications, though, agents often have only partial observability of their environment. Furthermore, agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rui Yan , Gabriel Santos , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska

We describe an iterative procedure for optimizing policies, with guaranteed monotonic improvement. By making several approximations to the theoretically-justified procedure, we develop a practical algorithm, called Trust Region Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-24 John Schulman , Sergey Levine , Philipp Moritz , Michael I. Jordan , Pieter Abbeel

This paper presents a general mean-field game (GMFG) framework for simultaneous learning and decision-making in stochastic games with a large population. It first establishes the existence of a unique Nash Equilibrium to this GMFG, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Renyuan Xu , Junzi Zhang

A key challenge in multi-agent systems is the design of intelligent agents solving real-world tasks in close interaction with other agents (e.g. humans), thereby being confronted with a variety of behavioral variations and limited knowledge…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Julian Bernhard , Alois Knoll

This work develops effective distributed strategies for the solution of constrained multi-agent stochastic optimization problems with coupled parameters across the agents. In this formulation, each agent is influenced by only a subset of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Ali H. Sayed