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Deep learning in combination with improved training techniques and high computational power has led to recent advances in the field of reinforcement learning (RL) and to successful robotic RL applications such as in-hand manipulation.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Melvin Laux , Oleg Arenz , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Adoption of machine learning (ML)-enabled cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming prevalent in various sectors of modern society such as transportation, industrial, and power grids. Recent studies in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Kai Liang Tan , Yasaman Esfandiari , Xian Yeow Lee , Aakanksha , Soumik Sarkar

This study investigates behavior-targeted attacks on reinforcement learning and their countermeasures. Behavior-targeted attacks aim to manipulate the victim's behavior as desired by the adversary through adversarial interventions in state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shojiro Yamabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method is proposed to address the problem of UAV navigation in an unknown environment. However, DRL algorithms are limited by the data efficiency problem as they typically require a huge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Lei He , Nabil Aouf , James F. Whidborne , Bifeng Song

In dynamic programming (DP) and reinforcement learning (RL), an agent learns to act optimally in terms of expected long-term return by sequentially interacting with its environment modeled by a Markov decision process (MDP). More generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Mastane Achab , Gergely Neu

In real scenarios, state observations that an agent observes may contain measurement errors or adversarial noises, misleading the agent to take suboptimal actions or even collapse while training. In this paper, we study the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Ke Sun , Yingnan Zhao , Shangling Jui , Linglong Kong

Neural network policies trained using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) are well-known to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we consider attacks manifesting as perturbations in the observation space managed by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Zikang Xiong , Joe Eappen , He Zhu , Suresh Jagannathan

In domains such as finance, healthcare, and robotics, managing worst-case scenarios is critical, as failure to do so can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Distributional Reinforcement Learning (DRL) provides a natural framework to incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mehrdad Moghimi , Hyejin Ku

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) policies are highly susceptible to adversarial noise in observations, which poses significant risks in safety-critical scenarios. The challenge inherent to adversarial perturbations is that by altering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Roman Belaire , Arunesh Sinha , Pradeep Varakantham

Evaluating the worst-case performance of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent under the strongest/optimal adversarial perturbations on state observations (within some constraints) is crucial for understanding the robustness of RL agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Yongyuan Liang , Furong Huang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained widespread adoption in control and decision-making tasks due to its strong performance in dynamic environments. However, DRL agents are vulnerable to noisy observations and adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Derui Wang , Kristen Moore , Diksha Goel , Minjune Kim , Gang Li , Yang Li , Robin Doss , Minhui Xue , Bo Li , Seyit Camtepe , Liming Zhu

Deep reinforcement learning has recently made significant progress in solving computer games and robotic control tasks. A known problem, though, is that policies overfit to the training environment and may not avoid rare, catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xinlei Pan , Daniel Seita , Yang Gao , John Canny

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has seen remarkable success in the control of single robots. However, applying DRL to robot swarms presents significant challenges. A critical challenge is non-stationarity, which occurs when two or more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Joshua Bloom , Pranjal Paliwal , Apratim Mukherjee , Carlo Pinciroli

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) finds extensive application in autonomous drone navigation within complex, high-risk environments. However, its practical deployment faces a safety-exploration dilemma: soft penalty mechanisms encourage…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Wentao Chen , Jingtang Chen , Mingjian Fu , Tiantian Li , Youfeng Su , Wenxi Liu , Yuanlong Yu

The growing complexity of cyber threats has rendered static firewalls increasingly ineffective for dynamic, real-time intrusion prevention. This paper proposes a novel AI-driven dynamic firewall optimization framework that leverages deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Taimoor Ahmad

In the ever-changing and intricate landscape of financial markets, portfolio optimisation remains a formidable challenge for investors and asset managers. Conventional methods often struggle to capture the complex dynamics of market…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Himanshu Choudhary , Arishi Orra , Manoj Thakur

Route planning is essential to mobile robot navigation problems. In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied to learning optimal planning policies in stochastic environments without prior knowledge. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Xi Lin , Paul Szenher , John D. Martin , Brendan Englot

A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is a popular model for reinforcement learning. However, its commonly used assumption of stationary dynamics and rewards is too stringent and fails to hold in adversarial, nonstationary, or multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Tiancheng Yu , Suvrit Sra

This paper explores a new cyber-attack vector targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICS), particularly focusing on water treatment facilities. Developing a new multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach, adversaries craft…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aryan Pasikhani , Prosanta Gope , Yang Yang , Shagufta Mehnaz , Biplab Sikdar