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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms can suffer from modeling errors between the simulation and the real world. Many studies use adversarial learning to generate perturbation during training process to model the discrepancy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qianmei Liu , Yufei Kuang , Jie Wang

Development of autonomous cyber system defense strategies and action recommendations in the real-world is challenging, and includes characterizing system state uncertainties and attack-defense dynamics. We propose a data-driven deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Ashutosh Dutta , Samrat Chatterjee , Arnab Bhattacharya , Mahantesh Halappanavar

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Adversaries can mislead the policies of DRL agents by perturbing the state of the environment observed by the agents. Existing attacks are feasible in principle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Buse G. A. Tekgul , Shelly Wang , Samuel Marchal , N. Asokan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Adversarial attacks against conventional Deep Learning (DL) systems and algorithms have been widely studied, and various defenses were proposed. However, the possibility and feasibility of such attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jianwen Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yan Zheng , Kangjie Chen , Yang Liu

Components of cyber physical systems, which affect real-world processes, are often exposed to the internet. Replacing conventional control methods with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in energy systems is an active area of research, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Kiernan Broda-Milian , Ranwa Al-Mallah , Hanane Dagdougui

Robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms towards adversarial attacks in real world applications such as those deployed in cyber-physical systems (CPS) are of increasing concern. Numerous studies have investigated the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Xian Yeow Lee , Sambit Ghadai , Kai Liang Tan , Chinmay Hegde , Soumik Sarkar

The growing prospect of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) being used in cyber-physical systems has raised concerns around safety and robustness of autonomous agents. Recent work on generating adversarial attacks have shown that it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Aaron J. Havens , Zhanhong Jiang , Soumik Sarkar

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have been increasingly employed during the last decade to solve various decision-making problems such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, these algorithms have faced great challenges…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Amirhossein Zolfagharian , Manel Abdellatif , Lionel Briand , Mojtaba Bagherzadeh , Ramesh S

Forecasting multivariate hidden Markov processes is challenging due to nonlinear and nonstationary observations, latent state transitions, and cross-sequence dependencies. While deep learning methods achieve strong predictive accuracy, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Manrui Jiang , Jingru Huang , Yong Chen , Chen Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has numerous applications in the real world thanks to its outstanding ability in quickly adapting to the surrounding environments. Despite its great advantages, DRL is susceptible to adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Inaam Ilahi , Muhammad Usama , Junaid Qadir , Muhammad Umar Janjua , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Dinh Thai Hoang , Dusit Niyato

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework designed to analyze and secure decision-support systems trained with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), prior to deployment, by providing insights into learned behavior patterns and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Brett Bissey , Kyle Gatesman , Walker Dimon , Mohammad Alam , Luis Robaina , Joseph Weissman

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been an important machine learning paradigm for solving long-horizon sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty. By integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) into the RL framework, deep reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Qizhou Peng , Yang Zheng , Yu Wen , Yanna Wu , Yingying Du

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made significant achievements in many real-world applications. But these real-world applications typically can only provide partial observations for making decisions due to occlusions and noisy sensors.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yinbo Yu , Jiajia Liu , Shouqing Li , Kepu Huang , Xudong Feng

In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL) has been successfully implemented as a smart agent in many systems such as complex games, self-driving cars, and chat-bots. One of the interesting use cases of Deep RL is its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Foozhan Ataiefard , Hadi Hemmati

We study reward poisoning attacks on online deep reinforcement learning (DRL), where the attacker is oblivious to the learning algorithm used by the agent and the dynamics of the environment. We demonstrate the intrinsic vulnerability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yinglun Xu , Qi Zeng , Gagandeep Singh

This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Anay Pattanaik , Zhenyi Tang , Shuijing Liu , Gautham Bommannan , Girish Chowdhary

Adversarial training is a defense method that trains machine learning models on intentionally perturbed attack inputs, so they learn to be robust against adversarial examples. This paper develops a robust voltage control framework for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Sungjoo Chung , Ying Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao