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In metric theories of gravity with photon number conservation, the luminosity and angular diameter distances are related via the Etherington relation, also known as the distance-duality relation (DDR). A violation of this relation would…
In this paper, we introduce an asymmetric metric on the space of marked Euclidean triangles, and we prove several properties of this metric, including two equivalent definitions of this metric, one of them comparing ratios of functions of…
This paper aims to provide an explanatory edition of Bolyai's 'Appendix Demonstrating the Absolute Science of Space', first published in 1832. In this treatise Bolyai began by extending neutral (or 'absolute') geometry by deriving a number…
Distances are pervasive in machine learning. They serve as similarity measures, loss functions, and learning targets; it is said that a good distance measure solves a task. When defining distances, the triangle inequality has proven to be a…
The formal system $\lambda\delta$ is a typed lambda calculus derived from $\Lambda_\infty$, aiming to support the foundations of Mathematics that require an underlying theory of expressions (for example the Minimal Type Theory). The system…
An N -tiling of triangle ABC by triangle T is a way of writing ABC as a union of N triangles congruent to T, overlapping only at their boundaries. The triangle T is the "tile". The tile may or may not be similar to ABC . We wish to…
Cycle polytopes of matroids have been introduced in combinatorial optimization as a generalization of important classes of polyhedral objects like cut polytopes and Eulerian subgraph polytopes associated to graphs. Here we start an…
Mathematical objects are generally abstract and not very approachable. Illustrations and interactive visualizations help both students and professionals to comprehend mathematical material and to work with it. This approach lends itself…
Tropical mathematics is used to establish a correspondence between certain microscopic and macroscopic objects in statistical models. Tropical algebra gives a common framework for macrosystems (subsets) and their elementary constituents…
In the Euclidean Steiner Tree problem, we are given as input a set of points (called terminals) in the $\ell_2$-metric space and the goal is to find the minimum-cost tree connecting them. Additional points (called Steiner points) from the…
The family of Euclidean triangles having some fixed perimeter and area can be identified with a subset of points on a nonsingular cubic plane curve, i.e., an elliptic curve; furthermore, if the perimeter and the square of the area are…
The point-to-set principle of J. Lutz and N. Lutz (2018) has recently enabled the theory of computing to be used to answer open questions about fractal geometry in Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^n$. These are classical questions, meaning that…
We provide an expository introduction to Euclidean Scissors Congruence, the study of polytopes in Euclidean space up to `cut and paste' relations. We first re-frame questions in scissors congruence as those in group homology. We then use…
We propose an Euclidean geometric representation for the classical detection theory. The proposed representation is so generic that can be employed to almost all communication problems. The hypotheses and observations are mapped into R^N in…
Exploring selected reductio ad absurdum proofs in Book 1 of the Elements, we show they include figures that are not constructed. It is squarely at odds with Hartshorne's claim that "in Euclid's geometry, only those geometrical figures exist…
In order to construct examples for interacting quantum field theory models, the methods of euclidean field theory turned out to be powerful tools since they make use of the techniques of classical statistical mechanics. Starting from an…
We define the simplest log-euclidean geometry. This geometry exposes a difficulty hidden in Hilbert's list of axioms presented in his "Grundlagen der Geometrie". The list of axioms appears to be incomplete if the foundations of geometry are…
We discover suprising connections between three seemingly different problems: finding right triangles with rational sides in a non-Euclidean geometry, finding three integers such that the difference of the squares of any two is a square,…
While the contents of Euclid's Elements are well-known these days, some characters of the original text have been overlooked due to interpretation by modern mathematical languages. The lens of modern mathematics once anachronistically…
These are the notes of lectures delivered at Grenoble's summer school on \emph{Arakelov Geo\-me\-try and Diophantine Applications}, in June 2017. They constitute an introduction to the study of Euclidean lattices and of their invariants…