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We study equivalence relation of the set of triangles generated by similarity and operation on a triangle to get a new one by joining division points of three edges with the same ratio. Using the moduli space of similarity classes of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-08-30 Jun O'Hara

Ultrafilters are very useful and versatile objects with applications throughout mathematics: in topology, analysis, combinarotics, model theory, and even theory of social choice. Proofs based on ultrafilters tend to be shorter and more…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-10-17 Jakub Konieczny

We first prove a new separating hyperplane theorem characterizing when a pair of compact convex subsets $K, K'$ of the Euclidean space intersect, and when they are disjoint. The theorem is distinct from classical separation theorems. It…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Bahman Kalantari

We give an introduction to Tropical Geometry and prove some results in Tropical Intersection Theory. The first part of this paper is an introduction to tropical geometry aimed at researchers in Algebraic Geometry from the point of view of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-22 Eric Katz

Parallel transport is a fundamental tool to perform statistics on Rie-mannian manifolds. Since closed formulae don't exist in general, practitioners often have to resort to numerical schemes. Ladder methods are a popular class of algorithms…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-16 Nicolas Guigui , Xavier Pennec

A three-point iterative method for solving scalar non-linear equations was selected and then adapted to solve systems of non-linear equations. Subsequently, by applying Taylor's theorem to functions of $\R^{n}$ in $\R^{n}$, it is shown that…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Carlos E. Cadenas R. , Yorman J. Mendoza N

We establish a unified group-theoretic framework bridging the arithmetic homotopy exact sequence of a variety and the Birman exact sequence of a surface. Within this framework, we reinterpret classical arithmetic notions - such as the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Miltiadis Karakikes , Sotiris Karanikolopoulos , Aristides Kontogeorgis , Dimitrios Noulas

In the era of foundation models and Large Language Models (LLMs), Euclidean space has been the de facto geometric setting for machine learning architectures. However, recent literature has demonstrated that this choice comes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Neil He , Jiahong Liu , Buze Zhang , Ngoc Bui , Ali Maatouk , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Melanie Weber , Rex Ying

The book is designed for a semester-long course in Foundations of Geometry and meant to be rigorous, conservative, elementary and minimalist. List of topics: Euclidean geometry: The Axioms / Half-planes / Congruent triangles / Perpendicular…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Anton Petrunin

We present intersection type systems in the style of sequent calculus, modifying the systems that Valentini introduced to prove normalisation properties without using the reducibility method. Our systems are more natural than Valentini's…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Kentaro Kikuchi

In this paper, we establish a noncommutative analogue of Calder\'on's transference principle, which allows us to deduce noncommutative ergodic maximal inequalities from the special case---operator-valued maximal inequalities. As…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-26 Guixiang Hong

This paper is divided in four parts. In the introduction, we discuss the program and the motivations of this paper. In section 2, we introduce the non-Archimedean field of Euclidean numbers E and we present a summary of the theory of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-24 Vieri Benci

In this paper a novel calculus system has been established based on the concept of 'werden'. The basis of logic self-contraction of the theories on current calculus was shown. Mistakes and defects in the structure and meaning of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Xiaoping Ding

Given a finite, simple, vertex-weighted graph, we construct a graded associative (non-commutative) algebra, whose generators correspond to vertices and whose ideal of relations has generators that are graded commutators corresponding to…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-06-13 Peter Bubenik , Leah H. Gold

A motivation for studying the following problems comes from applications to Biology; see \cite{cifuentes20233d}. In the $3$-dimensional Euclidean space ${\bf{E}}^3$, fix six pairwise distinct points \begin{equation*} \label{eqA}…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Annachiara Korchmaros

Working over an arbitrary base scheme, we provide an alternative development of triality which does not use Octonion algebras or symmetric composition algebras. Instead, we use the Clifford algebra of the split hyperbolic quadratic form of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Cameron Ruether

We develop an axiomatic set theory -- the Theory of Hyperfinite Sets THS, which is based on the idea of existence of proper subclasses of big finite sets. We demonstrate how theorems of classical continuous mathematics can be transfered to…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 P. V. Andreev , E. I. Gordon

We introduce the concept of paravectors to describe the geometry of points in a three dimensional space. After defining a suitable product of paravectors, we introduce the concepts of biparavectors and triparavectors to describe line…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Jayme Vaz , Stephen Mann

We use Euler systems to prove the Gras conjecture for groups generated by Stark units in global function fields. The techniques applied here are classical and go back to Thaine, Kolyvagin and Rubin. We obtain our Euler systems from the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Hassan Oukhaba , Stéphane Viguié

Our objective in this project is three-fold, the first two covered in this paper. In tropical mathematics, as well as other mathematical theories involving semirings, when trying to formulate the tropical versions of classical algebraic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-05-07 Louis Halle Rowen
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