Related papers: A Precision Trial Case Study for Heterogeneous Tre…
Background: Despite the tremendous progress recently made towards automatic sleep staging in adults, it is currently unknown if the most advanced algorithms generalize to the pediatric population, which displays distinctive characteristics…
Motivation: Precision medicine is a major trend in the future of medicine. It aims to provide tailored medical treatment and prevention strategies based on an individual's unique characteristics and needs. Biomarker is the primary source of…
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is growing increasingly prevalent in many countries as obesity rises. Sufficient, effective treatment of OSA entails high social and financial costs for healthcare. Objective: For treatment…
We consider basket trials in which a biomarker-targeting drug may be efficacious for patients across different disease indications. Patients are enrolled if their cells exhibit some levels of biomarker expression. The threshold level is…
Precision medicine stands as a transformative approach in healthcare, offering tailored treatments that can enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. As understanding of complex disease improves, clinical trials are being…
Adaptive enrichment trials aim to identify and recruit participants most likely to benefit from treatment based on evolving biomarker evidence, with the goal of informing individualized treatment recommendations. Bayesian methods are well…
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant risk factor for hypertension, primarily due to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Predicting whether individuals with OSA will develop hypertension within five years remains a…
A fitness assignment process transforms the features (such as the objective value) of a candidate solution to a scalar fitness, which then is the basis for selection. Under Frequency Fitness Assignment (FFA), the fitness corresponding to an…
Developing targeted therapies based on patients' baseline characteristics and genomic profiles such as biomarkers has gained growing interests in recent years. Depending on patients' clinical characteristics, the expression of specific…
Targeted therapies on the basis of genomic aberrations analysis of the tumor have shown promising results in cancer prognosis and treatment. Regardless of tumor type, trials that match patients to targeted therapies for their particular…
This study proposes a novel lightweight neural network model leveraging features extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signals for early OSA screening. ECG signals are used to generate feature spectrograms to predict sleep…
Identifying optimal medical treatments to improve survival has long been a critical goal of pharmacoepidemiology. Traditionally, we use an average treatment effect measure to compare outcomes between treatment plans. However, new methods…
This study examines the application of Bayesian approach in the context of clinical trials, emphasizing their increasing importance in contemporary biomedical research. While conventional frequentist approach provides a foundational basis…
Precision psychiatry is an ermerging field that aims to provide individualized approaches to mental health care. Multivariate analysis and machine learning are used to create outcome prediction models based on clinical data such as…
Phase I oncology trials aim to identify a safe dose - often the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) - for subsequent studies. Conventional designs focus on population-level toxicity modeling, with recent attention on leveraging pharmacokinetic…
Evaluating treatment effect heterogeneity across patient subgroups is a fundamental aspect of clinical trial analysis. Yet, these analyses have inherent limitations due to small sample sizes and the substantial number of subgroups…
Observational longitudinal studies are a common means to study treatment efficacy and safety in chronic mental illness. In many such studies, treatment changes may be initiated by either the patient or by their clinician and can thus vary…
Precision medicine seeks to discover an optimal personalized treatment plan and thereby provide informed and principled decision support, based on the characteristics of individual patients. With recent advancements in medical imaging, it…
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disease with complex etiology, which requires multidisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis and treatment. Mandibular retrognathia is strongly associated with OSA. Orthodontists can either correct the…
Precise lesion resection depends on accurately identifying fine-grained anatomical structures. While many coarse-grained segmentation (CGS) methods have been successful in large-scale segmentation (e.g., organs), they fall short in clinical…