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Ensuring accessible pedestrian navigation requires reasoning about both semantic and spatial aspects of complex urban scenes, a challenge that existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) struggle to meet. Although these models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Rafi Ibn Sultan , Hui Zhu , Xiangyu Zhou , Chengyin Li , Prashant Khanduri , Marco Brocanelli , Dongxiao Zhu

Understanding how humans leverage semantic knowledge to navigate unfamiliar environments and decide where to explore next is pivotal for developing robots capable of human-like search behaviors. We introduce a zero-shot navigation approach,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Naoki Yokoyama , Sehoon Ha , Dhruv Batra , Jiuguang Wang , Bernadette Bucher

Talk2BEV is a large vision-language model (LVLM) interface for bird's-eye view (BEV) maps in autonomous driving contexts. While existing perception systems for autonomous driving scenarios have largely focused on a pre-defined (closed) set…

Grounding language to a navigating agent's observations can leverage pretrained multimodal foundation models to match perceptions to object or event descriptions. However, previous approaches remain disconnected from environment mapping,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Chenguang Huang , Oier Mees , Andy Zeng , Wolfram Burgard

Humans build viewpoint-independent cognitive maps through navigation, enabling intuitive reasoning about object permanence and spatial relations. We argue that multimodal large language models (MLLMs), despite extensive video training, lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jacob Thompson , Emiliano Garcia-Lopez , Yonatan Bisk

Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) are the safety-critical backbone of modern maritime navigation, yet it remains unclear whether multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reliably interpret them. Unlike natural images or conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ao Cheng , Xingming Li , Xuanyu Ji , Xixiang He , Qiyao Sun , Chunping Qiu , Runke Huang , Qingyong Hu

Systematic evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is crucial for advancing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, existing benchmarks remain insufficient for rigorously assessing their reasoning capabilities under…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) capable of performing a wide range of visual understanding tasks. While LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Muhammad Ali , Salman Khan

Modern vision-language models (VLMs) are expected to have abilities of spatial reasoning with diverse scene complexities, but evaluating such abilities is difficult due to the lack of benchmarks that are not only diverse and scalable but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Haoming Wang , Qiyao Xue , Wei Gao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a variety of real-world tasks. However, existing VLMs typically process visual information by serializing images, a method that diverges significantly from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yueyan Li , Chenggong Zhao , Zeyuan Zang , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

Recent advances in vision-language models have made zero-shot navigation feasible, enabling robots to follow natural language instructions without requiring labeling. However, existing methods that explicitly store language vectors in grid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sibaek Lee , Hyeonwoo Yu , Giseop Kim , Sunwook Choi

Large language models (LLMs) with advanced cognitive capabilities are emerging as agents for various reasoning and planning tasks. Traditional evaluations often focus on specific reasoning or planning questions within controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tianlong Wang , Pinqiao Wang , Weili Shi , Sheng li

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

We introduce CompareBench, a benchmark for evaluating visual comparison reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), a fundamental yet understudied skill. CompareBench consists of 1000 QA pairs across four tasks: quantity (600), temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jie Cai , Kangning Yang , Lan Fu , Jiaming Ding , Jinlong Li , Huiming Sun , Daitao Xing , Jinglin Shen , Zibo Meng

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

We introduce VLM-Lens, a toolkit designed to enable systematic benchmarking, analysis, and interpretation of vision-language models (VLMs) by supporting the extraction of intermediate outputs from any layer during the forward pass of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hala Sheta , Eric Huang , Shuyu Wu , Ilia Alenabi , Jiajun Hong , Ryker Lin , Ruoxi Ning , Daniel Wei , Jialin Yang , Jiawei Zhou , Ziqiao Ma , Freda Shi

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are adept at answering what is in an image-identifying objects and describing scenes-they often lack the ability to understand how an image feels to a human observer. This gap is most evident…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yiming Chen , Junlin Han , Tianyi Bai , Shengbang Tong , Filippos Kokkinos , Philip Torr

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in natural language understanding. However, through that enormous semantic representation that the LLM has learnt, is it somehow possible for it to understand images as well?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mu Cai , Zeyi Huang , Yuheng Li , Utkarsh Ojha , Haohan Wang , Yong Jae Lee

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of vision-language tasks. However, their performance as embodied agents, which requires multi-round dialogue spatial reasoning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xunyi Zhao , Gengze Zhou , Qi Wu

Can the rapid advances in code generation, function calling, and data analysis using large language models (LLMs) help automate the search and verification of hypotheses purely from a set of provided datasets? To evaluate this question, we…