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End-to-end autonomous driving methods aim to directly map raw sensor inputs to future driving actions such as planned trajectories, bypassing traditional modular pipelines. While these approaches have shown promise, they often operate under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bozhou Zhang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Li Zhang

End-to-end autonomous driving directly generates planning trajectories from raw sensor data, yet it typically relies on costly perception supervision to extract scene information. A critical research challenge arises: constructing an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yupeng Zheng , Pengxuan Yang , Zebin Xing , Qichao Zhang , Yuhang Zheng , Yinfeng Gao , Pengfei Li , Teng Zhang , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Dongbin Zhao

Autonomous driving presents many challenges due to the large number of scenarios the autonomous vehicle (AV) may encounter. End-to-end deep learning models are comparatively simplistic models that can handle a broad set of scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhongying CuiZhu , Francois Charette , Amin Ghafourian , Debo Shi , Matthew Cui , Anjali Krishnamachar , Iman Soltani

As robotic navigation techniques in perception and planning advance, mobile robots increasingly venture into off-road environments involving complex traversability. However, selecting suitable planning methods remains a challenge due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Masafumi Endo , Kohei Honda , Genya Ishigami

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

End-to-End (E2E) autonomous driving models are usually trained and evaluated with a fixed ego-vehicle, even though their driving policy is implicitly tied to vehicle dynamics. When such a model is deployed on a vehicle with different size,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haesung Oh , Jaeheung Park

End-to-end autonomous driving faces persistent challenges in both generating diverse, rule-compliant trajectories and robustly selecting the optimal path from these options via learned, multi-faceted evaluation. To address these challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Bin Wang , Pingjun Li , Jinkun Liu , Jun Cheng , Hailong Lei , Yinze Rong , Huan-ang Gao , Kangliang Chen , Xing Pan , Weihao Gu

Multimodal image fusion and object detection are crucial for autonomous driving. While current methods have advanced the fusion of texture details and semantic information, their complex training processes hinder broader applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jiaqing Zhang , Mingxiang Cao , Weiying Xie , Jie Lei , Daixun Li , Wenbo Huang , Yunsong Li , Xue Yang

Uncertainty in control and perception poses challenges for autonomous vehicle navigation in unstructured environments, leading to navigation failures and potential vehicle damage. This paper introduces a framework that minimizes control and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Junwon Seo , Jungwi Mun , Taekyung Kim

As autonomous vehicles edge closer to widespread adoption, enhancing road safety through collision avoidance and minimization of collateral damage becomes imperative. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies, which include…

After the 2017 TuSimple Lane Detection Challenge, its dataset and evaluation based on accuracy and F1 score have become the de facto standard to measure the performance of lane detection methods. While they have played a major role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Takami Sato , Qi Alfred Chen

Recent applications of deep learning to navigation have generated end-to-end navigation solutions whereby visual sensor input is mapped to control signals or to motion primitives. The resulting visual navigation strategies work very well at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Justin S. Smith , Jin-Ha Hwang , Fu-Jen Chu , Patricio A. Vela

This paper presents Edge-based Mixture of Experts (MoE) Collaborative Computing (EMC2), an optimal computing system designed for autonomous vehicles (AVs) that simultaneously achieves low-latency and high-accuracy 3D object detection.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Linshen Liu , Boyan Su , Junyue Jiang , Guanlin Wu , Cong Guo , Ceyu Xu , Hao Frank Yang

2D top-down maps are commonly used for the navigation and exploration of mobile robots through unknown areas. Typically, the robot builds the navigation maps incrementally from local observations using onboard sensors. Recent works have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Vishnu Dutt Sharma , Anukriti Singh , Pratap Tokekar

With the growing demand for large-scale and high-quality data in edge intelligence systems, mobile robots are increasingly deployed to collect data proactively, particularly in complex environments. However, existing robot-assisted data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tingting Huang , Yingyang Chen , Sixian Qin , Zhijian Lin , Jun Li , Li Wang

End-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable advancements in recent years. Existing methods primarily follow a perception-planning paradigm, where perception and planning are executed sequentially within a fully differentiable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Bozhou Zhang , Jingyu Li , Nan Song , Li Zhang

Embodied navigation holds significant promise for real-world applications such as last-mile delivery. However, most existing approaches are confined to either indoor or outdoor environments and rely heavily on strong assumptions, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yuxiang Zhao , Yirong Yang , Yanqing Zhu , Yanfen Shen , Chiyu Wang , Zhining Gu , Pei Shi , Wei Guo , Mu Xu

End-to-end (E2E) driving has become a cornerstone of both industry deployment and academic research, offering a single learnable pipeline that maps multi-sensor inputs to actions while avoiding hand-engineered modules. However, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yu Gao , Jijun Wang , Zongzheng Zhang , Anqing Jiang , Yiru Wang , Yuwen Heng , Shuo Wang , Hao Sun , Zhangfeng Hu , Hao Zhao

We consider the challenging problem of high speed autonomous racing in a realistic Formula One environment. DeepRacing is a novel end-to-end framework, and a virtual testbed for training and evaluating algorithms for autonomous racing. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Trent Weiss , Madhur Behl

End-to-end autonomous driving systems are increasingly integrating Vision-Language Model (VLM) architectures, incorporating text reasoning or visual reasoning to enhance the robustness and accuracy of driving decisions. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingjun Zhang , Changjie Wu , Linzhe Shi , Jiangyang Li , Jiaxin Liu , Lei Yang , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Hong Wang