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In the field of autonomous driving, end-to-end deep learning models show great potential by learning driving decisions directly from sensor data. However, training these models requires large amounts of labeled data, which is time-consuming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wenhao Jiang , Duo Li , Menghan Hu , Chao Ma , Ke Wang , Zhipeng Zhang

Directly producing planning results from raw sensors has been a long-desired solution for autonomous driving and has attracted increasing attention recently. Most existing end-to-end autonomous driving methods factorize this problem into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Wenzhao Zheng , Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Chenming Zhang , Long Chen

Deep learning has revolutionized the ability to learn "end-to-end" autonomous vehicle control directly from raw sensory data. While there have been recent extensions to handle forms of navigation instruction, these works are unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Alexander Amini , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Unstructured environments are difficult for autonomous driving. This is because various unknown obstacles are lied in drivable space without lanes, and its width and curvature change widely. In such complex environments, searching for a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Joonwoo Ahn , Minsoo Kim , Jaeheung Park

Recent advances in generative models have sparked exciting new possibilities in the field of autonomous vehicles. Specifically, video generation models are now being explored as controllable virtual testing environments. Simultaneously,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Yijing Bai , Yingwei Li , Yuliang Zou , Bo Sun , Abhijit Kundu , Jose Lezama , Luna Yue Huang , Zehao Zhu , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan , Chiyu Max Jiang

This research aims at developing path and motion planning algorithms for a tethered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to visually assist a teleoperated primary robot in unstructured or confined environments. The emerging state of the practice…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Xuesu Xiao

This paper presents a LiDAR-based end-to-end autonomous driving method with Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication integration, termed V2X-Lead, to address the challenges of navigating unregulated urban scenarios under mixed-autonomy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Zhiyun Deng , Yanjun Shi , Weiming Shen

End-to-end autonomous driving systems promise stronger performance through unified optimization of perception, motion forecasting, and planning. However, vision-based approaches face fundamental limitations in adverse weather conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Philipp Wolters , Johannes Gilg , Torben Teepe , Gerhard Rigoll

Autonomous driving faces safety challenges due to a lack of global perspective and the semantic information of vectorized high-definition (HD) maps. Information from roadside cameras can greatly expand the map perception range through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Miao Fan , Shanshan Yu , Shengtong Xu , Kun Jiang , Haoyi Xiong , Xiangzeng Liu

Recently, we developed a dynamic distributed end-to-end vehicle routing system (E2ECAV) using a network of intelligent intersections and level 5 CAVs (Djavadian & Farooq, 2018). The case study of the downtown Toronto Network showed that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shadi Djavadian , Bilal Farooq , Rafael Vasquez , Grace Yip

Collaborative navigation becomes essential in situations of occluded scenarios in autonomous driving where independent driving policies are likely to lead to collisions. One promising approach to address this issue is through the use of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Leandro Parada , Hanlin Tian , Jose Escribano , Panagiotis Angeloudis

End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2EAD) methods typically rely on supervised perception tasks to extract explicit scene information (e.g., objects, maps). This reliance necessitates expensive annotations and constrains deployment and data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Peidong Li , Dixiao Cui

Modular end-to-end (ME2E) autonomous driving paradigms combine modular interpretability with global optimization capability and have demonstrated strong performance. However, existing studies mainly focus on accuracy improvement, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chengzhi Ji , Xingfeng Li , Zhaodong Lv , Hao Sun , Pan Liu , Hao Frank Yang , Ziyuan Pu

With the rise of vision-language models (VLM), their application for autonomous driving (VLM4AD) has gained significant attention. Meanwhile, in autonomous driving, closed-loop evaluation has become widely recognized as a more reliable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaosong Jia , Yuqian Shao , Zhenjie Yang , Qifeng Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

We introduce WarNav, a novel real-world dataset constructed from images of the open-source DATTALION repository, specifically tailored to enable the development and benchmarking of semantic segmentation models for autonomous ground vehicle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Marc-Emmanuel Coupvent des Graviers , Hejer Ammar , Christophe Guettier , Yann Dumortier , Romaric Audigier

We present MIDGARD, an open-source simulation platform for autonomous robot navigation in outdoor unstructured environments. MIDGARD is designed to enable the training of autonomous agents (e.g., unmanned ground vehicles) in photorealistic…

Deep learning has been used to demonstrate end-to-end neural network learning for autonomous vehicle control from raw sensory input. While LiDAR sensors provide reliably accurate information, existing end-to-end driving solutions are mainly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Zhijian Liu , Alexander Amini , Sibo Zhu , Sertac Karaman , Song Han , Daniela Rus

Research on autonomous driving in unstructured outdoor environments is less advanced than in structured urban settings due to challenges like environmental diversities and scene complexity. These environments-such as rural areas and rugged…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tianyuan Zhang , Ting Jin , Lu Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

End-to-end autonomous driving provides a feasible way to automatically maximize overall driving system performance by directly mapping the raw pixels from a front-facing camera to control signals. Recent advanced methods construct a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zeyu Gao , Yao Mu , Chen Chen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Ping Luo , Yanfeng Lu