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Existing fiducial markers solutions are designed for efficient detection and decoding, however, their ability to stand out in natural environments is difficult to infer from relatively limited analysis. Furthermore, worsening performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 J. Brennan Peace , Eric Psota , Yanfeng Liu , Lance C. Pérez

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) cooperation has emerged as a promising paradigm to overcome the perception limitations of classical autonomous driving by leveraging information from both ego-vehicle and infrastructure sensors. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junwei You , Haotian Shi , Zhuoyu Jiang , Zilin Huang , Rui Gan , Keshu Wu , Xi Cheng , Xiaopeng Li , Bin Ran

The reliability of a machine vision system for autonomous driving depends heavily on its training data distribution. When a vehicle encounters significantly different conditions, such as atypical obstacles, its perceptual capabilities can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fabrizio Genilotti , Arianna Stropeni , Gionata Grotto , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Traditional autonomous driving methods adopt a modular design, decomposing tasks into sub-tasks. In contrast, end-to-end autonomous driving directly outputs actions from raw sensor data, avoiding error accumulation. However, training an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zeyu Dong , Yimin Zhu , Yansong Li , Kevin Mahon , Yu Sun

Autonomous vehicles are the culmination of advances in many areas such as sensor technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), networking, and more. This paper will introduce the reader to the technologies that build autonomous vehicles. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Oussama Saoudi , Ishwar Singh , Hamidreza Mahyar

End-to-end driving systems have made rapid progress, but have so far not been applied to the challenging new CARLA Leaderboard 2.0. Further, while there is a large body of literature on end-to-end architectures and training strategies, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Julian Zimmerlin , Jens Beißwenger , Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger , Kashyap Chitta

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving systems offer a promising alternative to traditional modular pipelines by reducing information loss and error accumulation, with significant potential to enhance both mobility and safety. However, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ke Guo , Haochen Liu , Xiaojun Wu , Jia Pan , Chen Lv

With the rise of automation, unmanned vehicles became a hot topic both as commercial products and as a scientific research topic. It composes a multi-disciplinary field of robotics that encompasses embedded systems, control theory, path…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Daniel V. Ruiz , Eduardo Todt

Current End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2E-AD) methods resort to unifying modular designs for various tasks (e.g. perception, prediction and planning). Although optimized with a fully differentiable framework in a planning-oriented manner,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haisheng Su , Wei Wu , Zhenjie Yang , Isabel Guan

Progress in Embodied AI has made it possible for end-to-end-trained agents to navigate in photo-realistic environments with high-level reasoning and zero-shot or language-conditioned behavior, but benchmarks are still dominated by…

Cooperatively utilizing both ego-vehicle and infrastructure sensor data via V2X communication has emerged as a promising approach for advanced autonomous driving. However, current research mainly focuses on improving individual modules,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Jiaru Zhong , Zhenwei Yang , Siqi Fan , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

Safe and high-speed navigation is a key enabling capability for real world deployment of robotic systems. A significant limitation of existing approaches is the computational bottleneck associated with explicit mapping and the limited field…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Kapil D. Katyal , Adam Polevoy , Joseph Moore , Craig Knuth , Katie M. Popek

In autonomous driving, perception systems are piv otal as they interpret sensory data to understand the envi ronment, which is essential for decision-making and planning. Ensuring the safety of these perception systems is fundamental for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Urvishkumar Bharti , Vikram Shahapur

Learning a human-like driving policy from large-scale driving demonstrations is promising, but the uncertainty and non-deterministic nature of planning make it challenging. Existing learning-based planning methods follow a deterministic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bo Jiang , Shaoyu Chen , Hao Gao , Bencheng Liao , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

We present an unsupervised adaptation approach for visual scene understanding in unstructured traffic environments. Our method is designed for unstructured real-world scenarios with dense and heterogeneous traffic consisting of cars,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Divya Kothandaraman , Rohan Chandra , Dinesh Manocha

While several datasets for autonomous navigation have become available in recent years, they tend to focus on structured driving environments. This usually corresponds to well-delineated infrastructure such as lanes, a small number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Girish Varma , Anbumani Subramanian , Anoop Namboodiri , Manmohan Chandraker , C V Jawahar

End-to-end autonomous driving has received increasing attention due to its potential to learn from large amounts of data. However, most existing methods are still open-loop and suffer from weak scalability, lack of high-order interactions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenzhao Zheng , Zetian Xia , Yuanhui Huang , Sicheng Zuo , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

Recent advances in vision foundation models, such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its successor SAM2, have achieved state-of-the-art performance on general image segmentation benchmarks. However, these models struggle in adverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Dharsan Ravindran , Kevin Wang , Zhuoyuan Cao , Saleh Abdelrahman , Jeffery Wu

Navigation and guidance of autonomous vehicles is a fundamental problem in robotics, which has attracted intensive research in recent decades. This report is mainly concerned with provable collision avoidance of multiple autonomous vehicles…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-01-28 Michael Hoy
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