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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Following road safety norms is non-negotiable not only for humans but also for the AI systems that govern autonomous vehicles. In this work, we evaluate how well multi-modal large language models (LLMs) understand road safety concepts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chalamalasetti Kranti

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) grow in sophistication, their ability to perform reasoning is coming under increasing supervision. While they excel at many tasks, their grasp of fundamental scientific principles, such as physics, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Pranav Pawar , Kavish Shah , Akshat Bhalani , Komal Kasat , Dev Mittal , Hadi Gala , Deepali Patil , Nikita Raichada , Monali Deshmukh

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly proposed for autonomous driving tasks, yet their performance on sequential driving scenes remains poorly characterized, particularly regarding how input configurations affect their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Roberto Brusnicki , Mattia Piccinini , Johannes Betz

This paper introduces a multi-agent framework for comprehensive highway scene understanding, designed around a mixture-of-experts strategy. In this framework, a large generic vision-language model (VLM), such as GPT-4o, is contextualized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yunxiang Yang , Ningning Xu , Jidong J. Yang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding and analyzing visual scenes across various domains. However, in the context of autonomous driving, their limited comprehension of 3D environments restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jannik Lübberstedt , Esteban Rivera , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp

Vision language models (VLMs) can simultaneously reason about images and texts to tackle many tasks, from visual question answering to image captioning. This paper focuses on map parsing, a novel task that is unexplored within the VLM…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-26 David DeFazio , Hrudayangam Mehta , Meng Wang , Ping Yang , Jeremy Blackburn , Shiqi Zhang

Solving complex, long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks requires a deep understanding of physical interactions, reasoning about their long-term consequences, and precise high-level planning. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a general…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yanting Yang , Shenyuan Gao , Qingwen Bu , Li Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Expressway video anomaly detection is essential for safety management. However, identifying anomalies across diverse scenes remains challenging, particularly for far-field targets exhibiting subtle abnormal vehicle motions. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiaowei Mao , Bowen Sui , Weijie Zhang , Yawen Yang , Shengnan Guo , Shilong Zhao , Jiaqi Lin , Tingrui Wu , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wa

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have remarkable abilities in generating multimodal reasoning tasks. However, potential misuse or safety alignment concerns of VLMs have increased significantly due to different categories of attack vectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Scene understanding and risk-aware attentions are crucial for human drivers to make safe and effective driving decisions. To imitate this cognitive ability in urban autonomous driving while ensuring the transparency and interpretability, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Haichao Liu , Haoren Guo , Pei Liu , Benshan Ma , Yuxiang Zhang , Jun Ma , Tong Heng Lee

Understanding risk in autonomous driving requires not only perception and prediction, but also high-level reasoning about agent behavior and context. Current Vision Language Model (VLM)-based methods primarily ground agents in static images…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Roberto Brusnicki , Yuchen Zhang , Johannes Betz

Multimodal LLMs have advanced vision-language tasks but still struggle with understanding video scenes. To bridge this gap, Video Scene Graph Generation (VidSGG) has emerged to capture multi-object relationships across video frames.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Trong-Thuan Nguyen , Pha Nguyen , Jackson Cothren , Alper Yilmaz , Khoa Luu

Mechanical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, defined by its ubiquitous yet irreplaceable role in human activities ranging from routine tasks to civil engineering. Embedding machines with mechanical reasoning is therefore an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Haoran Sun , Qingying Gao , Haiyun Lyu , Dezhi Luo , Yijiang Li , Hokin Deng

The pursuit of autonomous driving technology hinges on the sophisticated integration of perception, decision-making, and control systems. Traditional approaches, both data-driven and rule-based, have been hindered by their inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Daocheng Fu , Xiaofeng Wang , Pinlong Cai , Xin Li , Tao Ma , Yingxuan Li , Linran Xu , Dengke Shang , Zheng Zhu , Shaoyan Sun , Yeqi Bai , Xinyu Cai , Min Dou , Shuanglu Hu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

Traffic scene understanding is essential for intelligent transportation systems and autonomous driving, ensuring safe and efficient vehicle operation. While recent advancements in VLMs have shown promise for holistic scene understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Qingyao Xu , Siheng Chen , Guang Chen , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang

Visual language is a system of communication that conveys information through symbols, shapes, and spatial arrangements. Diagrams are a typical example of a visual language depicting complex concepts and their relationships in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Hou , Buse Giledereli , Yilei Tu , Mrinmaya Sachan

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of computer-vision tasks, sparking interest in their potential for digital health applications. Here, we apply VLMs to two fundamental challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Victor Li , Naveenraj Kamalakannan , Avinash Parnandi , Heidi Schambra , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Vision-language modeling (VLM) aims to bridge the information gap between images and natural language. Under the new paradigm of first pre-training on massive image-text pairs and then fine-tuning on task-specific data, VLM in the remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xingxing Weng , Chao Pang , Gui-Song Xia

Vision-language models (VLMs) have become a promising approach to enhancing perception and decision-making in autonomous driving. The gap remains in applying VLMs to understand complex scenarios interacting with pedestrians and efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoxiang Gao , Li Zhang , Yu Zhao , Zhou Yang , Jinghan Cao