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Denoising diffusion models are a class of generative models which have recently achieved state-of-the-art results across many domains. Gradual noise is added to the data using a diffusion process, which transforms the data distribution into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Francisco Vargas , Teodora Reu , Anna Kerekes , Michael M Bronstein

Minimum distance estimation (MDE) gained recent attention as a formulation of (implicit) generative modeling. It considers minimizing, over model parameters, a statistical distance between the empirical data distribution and the model. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-21 Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald , Kengo Kato

A major bottleneck of standard auto-regressive large language models is that their inference process is inherently sequential, resulting in very long and costly inference times. To circumvent this, practitioners proposed a class of language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sitan Chen , Kevin Cong , Jerry Li

Diffusion models generate samples by reversing a fixed forward diffusion process. Despite already providing impressive empirical results, these diffusion models algorithms can be further improved by reducing the variance of the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Yilun Xu , Shangyuan Tong , Tommi Jaakkola

We study the problem of estimating the score function using both implicit score matching and denoising score matching. Assuming that the data distribution exhibiting a low-dimensional structure, we prove that implicit score matching is able…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Konstantin Yakovlev , Anna Markovich , Nikita Puchkin

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) are emerging powerful generative models. Despite their high-quality generation performance, DPMs still suffer from their slow sampling as they generally need hundreds or thousands of sequential function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Cheng Lu , Yuhao Zhou , Fan Bao , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

Diffusion models achieve remarkable generation quality, yet face a fundamental challenge known as memorization, where generated samples can replicate training samples exactly. We develop a theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyu Zhou , Jiawei Zhang , Stephen J. Wright

Score-based generative models are shown to achieve remarkable empirical performances in various applications such as image generation and audio synthesis. However, a theoretical understanding of score-based diffusion models is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Dohyun Kwon , Ying Fan , Kangwook Lee

Diffusion models have made rapid progress in generating high-quality samples across various domains. However, a theoretical understanding of the Lipschitz continuity and second momentum properties of the diffusion process is still lacking.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Diffusion models are gaining widespread use in cutting-edge image, video, and audio generation. Score-based diffusion models stand out among these methods, necessitating the estimation of score function of the input data distribution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Fangzhao Zhang , Mert Pilanci

Continuous diffusion models are commonly acknowledged to display a deterministic probability flow, whereas discrete diffusion models do not. In this paper, we aim to establish the fundamental theory for the probability flow of discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Pengze Zhang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Xiaohua Xie

We propose a novel method for sampling from unnormalized Boltzmann densities based on a probability flow ordinary differential equation (ODE) derived from linear stochastic interpolants. The key innovation of our approach is the use of a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Chenguang Duan , Yuling Jiao , Gabriele Steidl , Christian Wald , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Ruizhe Zhang

Diffusion models are widely used in applications ranging from image generation to inverse problems. However, training diffusion models typically requires clean ground-truth images, which are unavailable in many applications. We introduce…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Chicago Y. Park , Shirin Shoushtari , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

We present a concise derivation for several influential score-based diffusion models that relies on only a few textbook results. Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for generating realistic, synthetic signals --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Score-based diffusion models (SBDMs) are powerful amortized samplers for Boltzmann distributions; however, imperfect score estimates bias downstream Monte Carlo estimates. Classical importance sampling (IS) can correct this bias, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fengzhe Zhang , Laurence I. Midgley , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Diffusion-based generative models (DBGMs) perturb data to a target noise distribution and reverse this process to generate samples. The choice of noising process, or inference diffusion process, affects both likelihoods and sample quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Building on recent advances in scientific machine learning and generative modeling for computational fluid dynamics, we propose a conditional score-based diffusion model designed for multi-scenarios fluid flow prediction. Our model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wilfried Genuist , Éric Savin , Filippo Gatti , Didier Clouteau

This paper investigates the score-based diffusion models for density estimation when the target density admits a factorizable low-dimensional nonparametric structure. To be specific, we show that when the log density admits a $d^*$-way…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Jianqing Fan , Yihong Gu , Ximing Li

Denoising diffusions are a powerful method to generate approximate samples from high-dimensional data distributions. Recent results provide polynomial bounds on their convergence rate, assuming $L^2$-accurate scores. Until now, the tightest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-07 Joe Benton , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet , George Deligiannidis

Generative modeling aims to produce new random examples from an unknown target distribution, given access to a finite collection of examples. Among the leading approaches, denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) construct such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-12 Vahan Arsenyan , Elen Vardanyan , Arnak Dalalyan