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Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have achieved considerable success in generation tasks. As sampling from DPMs is equivalent to solving diffusion SDE or ODE which is time-consuming, numerous fast sampling methods built upon improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shuchen Xue , Mingyang Yi , Weijian Luo , Shifeng Zhang , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Zhi-Ming Ma

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have revolutionized the field of generative modeling, achieving unprecedented success in generating realistic and diverse content. Despite empirical advances, the theoretical basis for why optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification via prediction sets with exact finite-sample coverage. In low dimensions these sets are easy to interpret, but in high-dimensional or structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Trevor Harris

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated outstanding empirical performance in machine learning and artificial intelligence, particularly in generating high-quality new samples from complex probability distributions. Improving the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Yuchen Jiao , Gen Li

Diffusion models (DMs) as generative priors have recently shown great potential for denoising tasks but lack theoretical understanding with respect to their mean square error (MSE) optimality. This paper proposes a novel denoising strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Benedikt Fesl , Benedikt Böck , Florian Strasser , Michael Baur , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Optimal Transport (OT) based distances are powerful tools for machine learning to compare probability measures and manipulate them using OT maps. In this field, a setting of interest is semi-discrete OT, where the source measure $\mu$ is…

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Sampling from diffusion models can be treated as solving the corresponding ordinary differential equations (ODEs), with the aim of obtaining an accurate solution with as few number of function evaluations (NFE) as possible. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhenyu Zhou , Defang Chen , Can Wang , Chun Chen

Sampling from an unknown distribution, accessible only through discrete samples, is a fundamental problem at the core of generative AI. The current state-of-the-art methods follow a two-step process: first, estimating the score function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Samuel Hurault , Matthieu Terris , Thomas Moreau , Gabriel Peyré

Part I of this work [2] developed the exact diffusion algorithm to remove the bias that is characteristic of distributed solutions for deterministic optimization problems. The algorithm was shown to be applicable to a larger set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Kun Yuan , Bicheng Ying , Xiaochuan Zhao , Ali H. Sayed

In diffusion models, deviations from a straight generative flow are a common issue, resulting in semantic inconsistencies and suboptimal generations. To address this challenge, we introduce `Non-Cross Diffusion', an innovative approach in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ziyang Zheng , Ruiyuan Gao , Qiang Xu

This paper introduces Discrete Markov Probabilistic Models (DMPMs), a novel discrete diffusion algorithm for discrete data generation. The algorithm operates in discrete bit space, where the noising process is a continuous-time Markov chain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Le-Tuyet-Nhi Pham , Dario Shariatian , Antonio Ocello , Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that simulate the reverse of diffusion processes using score functions to synthesize data from noise. The sampling process of diffusion models can be interpreted as solving the reverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Beomsu Kim , Jong Chul Ye

We investigate robust parameter estimation and testing procedure for multivariate diffusion processes observed at high frequency via the minimum density power divergence estimator (MDPDE). Within a general diffusion framework and under…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Sourojyoti Barick

Diffusion models (DMs) create samples from a data distribution by starting from random noise and iteratively solving a reverse-time ordinary differential equation (ODE). Because each step in the iterative solution requires an expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Eric Frankel , Sitan Chen , Jerry Li , Pang Wei Koh , Lillian J. Ratliff , Sewoong Oh

Diffusion models have become a leading method for generative modeling of both image and scientific data. As these models are costly to train and \emph{evaluate}, reducing the inference cost for diffusion models remains a major goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Lexing Ying , Grant M. Rotskoff

Diffusion models achieve strong generation quality, diversity, and distribution coverage, but their performance often comes with expensive inference. In this work, we propose Stochastic Transition-Map Distillation (STMD), a teacher-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 George Rapakoulias , Peter Garud , Lingjiong Zhu , Panagiotis Tsiotras

This paper studies sampling error bounds for denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) in the 2-Wasserstein distance. Our contributions are threefold. (i) Under general Lipschitz-type conditions on the score function and for a broad…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yuta Koike

We consider the problem of statistical inference for a class of partially-observed diffusion processes, with discretely-observed data and finite-dimensional parameters. We construct unbiased estimators of the score function, i.e. the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-12 Jeremy Heng , Jeremie Houssineau , Ajay Jasra