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We investigate the approximation efficiency of score functions by deep neural networks in diffusion-based generative modeling. While existing approximation theories utilize the smoothness of score functions, they suffer from the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Song Mei , Yuchen Wu

This paper studies the approximation and generalization abilities of score-based neural network generative models (SGMs) in estimating an unknown distribution $P_0$ from $n$ i.i.d. observations in $d$ dimensions. Assuming merely that $P_0$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Guoji Fu , Wee Sun Lee

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely used to describe dynamical systems in science, but identifying parameters that explain experimental measurements is challenging. In particular, although ODEs are differentiable and would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Jonas Beck , Nathanael Bosch , Michael Deistler , Kyra L. Kadhim , Jakob H. Macke , Philipp Hennig , Philipp Berens

We study the fundamental task of estimating the median of an underlying distribution from a finite number of samples, under pure differential privacy constraints. We focus on distributions satisfying the minimal assumption that they have a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Christos Tzamos , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Ilias Zadik

Generative processes that involve solving differential equations, such as diffusion models, frequently necessitate balancing speed and quality. ODE-based samplers are fast but plateau in performance while SDE-based samplers deliver higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yilun Xu , Mingyang Deng , Xiang Cheng , Yonglong Tian , Ziming Liu , Tommi Jaakkola

In recent years we have witnessed a growth in mathematics for deep learning, which has been used to solve inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, most deep learning-based inversion methods either require paired…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Enze Jiang , Jishen Peng , Zheng Ma , Xiong-Bin Yan

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved impressive success in high-resolution image synthesis, especially in recent large-scale text-to-image generation applications. An essential technique for improving the sample quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Cheng Lu , Yuhao Zhou , Fan Bao , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

Ordinary Differential Equations are widespread tools to model chemical, physical, biological process but they usually rely on parameters which are of critical importance in terms of dynamic and need to be estimated directly from the data.…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-29 Nicolas Brunel , Quentin Clairon

Denoising diffusion models are a popular class of generative models providing state-of-the-art results in many domains. One adds gradually noise to data using a diffusion to transform the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francisco Vargas , Will Grathwohl , Arnaud Doucet

Order statistics theory is applied in this paper to probabilistic robust control theory to compute the minimum sample size needed to come up with a reliable estimate of an uncertain quantity under continuity assumption of the related…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-05-13 Xinjia Chen , Kemin Zhou

Score-based diffusion models synthesize samples by reversing a stochastic process that diffuses data to noise, and are trained by minimizing a weighted combination of score matching losses. The log-likelihood of score-based diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-22 Yang Song , Conor Durkan , Iain Murray , Stefano Ermon

Distribution matching (DM) is a versatile domain-invariant representation learning technique that has been applied to tasks such as fair classification, domain adaptation, and domain translation. Non-parametric DM methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ziyu Gong , Jim Lim , David I. Inouye

The optimistic gradient method is useful in addressing minimax optimization problems. Motivated by the observation that the conventional stochastic version suffers from the need for a large batch size on the order of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Haoyuan Cai , Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Ali H. Sayed

Score-based models generate samples by mapping noise to data (and vice versa) via a high-dimensional diffusion process. We question whether it is necessary to run this entire process at high dimensionality and incur all the inconveniences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Bowen Jing , Gabriele Corso , Renato Berlinghieri , Tommi Jaakkola

In this paper, we provide a multiscale perspective on the problem of maximum marginal likelihood estimation. We consider and analyse a diffusion-based maximum marginal likelihood estimation scheme using ideas from multiscale dynamics. Our…

Computation · Statistics 2024-06-11 O. Deniz Akyildiz , Michela Ottobre , Iain Souttar

We study a discrete denoising diffusion framework that integrates a sample-efficient estimator of single-site conditionals with round-robin noising and denoising dynamics for generative modeling over discrete state spaces. Rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Abhijith Jayakumar , Andrey Y. Lokhov

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have shown remarkable potential in image generation, but their sampling efficiency is hindered by the need for numerous denoising steps. Most existing solutions accelerate the sampling process by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Guangyi Wang , Yuren Cai , Lijiang Li , Wei Peng , Songzhi Su

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Haoran Sun , Lijun Yu , Bo Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Hanjun Dai

Score-based diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance for inverse problems, but their practical deployment is hindered by long inference times and cumbersome hyperparameter tuning. While pretrained diffusion models can be reused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Julio Oscanoa , Irmak Sivgin , Cagan Alkan , Daniel Ennis , John Pauly , Mert Pilanci , Shreyas Vasanawala

Diffusion Models (DMs) have achieved remarkable progress in generative modeling. However, the mismatch between the forward terminal distribution and reverse initial distribution introduces prior error, leading to deviations of sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhanpeng Wang , Shenghao Li , Jiameng Che , Chen Wang , Shangling Jui , Na Lei , Zhongxuan Luo
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