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Accurate forecasts of extreme wind speeds are of high importance for many applications. Such forecasts are usually generated by ensembles of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which however can be biased and have errors in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Christopher A. T. Ferro , Gavin R. Evans , Frank Kwasniok

Current statistical post-processing methods for probabilistic weather forecasting are not capable of using full spatial patterns from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. In this paper we incorporate spatial wind speed information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Simon Veldkamp , Kirien Whan , Sjoerd Dirksen , Maurice Schmeits

Issuing timely severe weather warnings helps mitigate potentially disastrous consequences. Recent advancements in Neural Weather Models (NWMs) offer a computationally inexpensive and fast approach for forecasting atmospheric environments on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Antoine Leclerc , Erwan Koch , Monika Feldmann , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler

Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

In the field of numerical weather prediction (NWP), the probabilistic distribution of the future state of the atmosphere is sampled with Monte-Carlo-like simulations, called ensembles. These ensembles have deficiencies (such as conditional…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-08 Michaël Zamo , Liliane Bel , Olivier Mestre

Advancements in numerical weather prediction models have accelerated, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of physical phenomena pertaining to the dynamics of weather and related computing resources. Despite these advancements,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Alqamah Sayeed , Yunsoo Choi , Jia Jung , Yannic Lops , Ebrahim Eslami , Ahmed Khan Salman

Predictions of the uncertainty associated with extreme events are a vital component of any prediction system for such events. Consequently, the prediction system ought to be probabilistic in nature, with the predictions taking the form of…

Applications · Statistics 2012-10-26 Petra Friederichs , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Numerical weather predictions (NWP) are systematically subject to errors due to the deterministic solutions used by numerical models to simulate the atmosphere. Statistical postprocessing techniques are widely used nowadays for NWP…

Sub-seasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socio-economic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose several post-processing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Nina Horat , Sebastian Lerch

Accurately representing surface weather at the sub-kilometer scale is crucial for optimal decision-making in a wide range of applications. This motivates the use of statistical techniques to provide accurate and calibrated probabilistic…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Francesco Zanetta , Daniele Nerini , Matteo Buzzi , Henry Moss

The goal of this study was to improve the post-processing of precipitation forecasts using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Instead of post-processing forecasts on a per-pixel basis, as is usually done when employing machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bob de Ruiter

Probabilistic forecasts are typically obtained using state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning models, with model parameters estimated by optimizing a proper scoring rule over a set of training data. If the model class is not…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-05 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Maybritt Schillinger , Frank Kwasniok , Sam Allen

The perspective of developing trustworthy AI for critical applications in science and engineering requires machine learning techniques that are capable of estimating their own uncertainty. In the context of regression, instead of estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Quentin Duchemin , Guillaume Obozinski

To quantify the uncertainty in numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts, ensemble prediction systems are utilized. Although NWP forecasts continuously improve, they suffer from systematic bias and dispersion errors. To obtain well…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-30 Ferdinand Buchner , David Jobst , Annette Möller , Claudia Czado

It is informative to evaluate a forecaster's ability to predict outcomes that have a large impact on the forecast user. Although weighted scoring rules have become a well-established tool to achieve this, such scores have been studied…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-28 Sam Allen , David Ginsbourger , Johanna Ziegel

We propose a neural network approach to produce probabilistic weather forecasts from a deterministic numerical weather prediction. Our approach is applied to operational surface temperature outputs from the Global Deterministic Prediction…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 David Landry , Anastase Charantonis , Claire Monteleoni

In weather forecasting, nonhomogeneous regression is used to statistically postprocess forecast ensembles in order to obtain calibrated predictive distributions. For wind speed forecasts, the regression model is given by a truncated normal…

Applications · Statistics 2013-11-19 Sebastian Lerch , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Wind gust prediction plays an important role in warning strategies of national meteorological services due to the high impact of its extreme values. However, forecasting wind gusts is challenging because they are influenced by small-scale…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-24 Cristina Primo , Benedikt Schulz , Sebastian Lerch , Reinhold Hess

Ensemble weather predictions require statistical post-processing of systematic errors to obtain reliable and accurate probabilistic forecasts. Traditionally, this is accomplished with distributional regression models in which the parameters…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-01 Stephan Rasp , Sebastian Lerch

A new probabilistic post-processing method for wind vectors is presented in a distributional regression framework employing the bivariate Gaussian distribution. In contrast to previous studies all parameters of the distribution are…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-26 Moritz N. Lang , Georg J. Mayr , Reto Stauffer , Achim Zeileis
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