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Verifying probabilistic forecasts for extreme events is a highly active research area because popular media and public opinions are naturally focused on extreme events, and biased conclusions are readily made. In this context, classical…

Probabilistic forecasts of wind speed are important for a wide range of applications, ranging from operational decision making in connection with wind power generation to storm warnings, ship routing and aviation. We present a statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-06 Michael Scheuerer , David Möller

Statistical analysis of extremes can be used to predict the probability of future extreme events, such as large rainfalls or devastating windstorms. The quality of these forecasts can be measured through scoring rules. Locally scale…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-22 Helga Kristin Olafsdottir , Holger Rootzén , David Bolin

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather models are now reaching operational-grade performance for some variables, but like traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, they exhibit systematic biases and reliability issues. We test…

When predicting future events, it is common to issue forecasts that are probabilistic, in the form of probability distributions over the range of possible outcomes. Such forecasts can be evaluated using proper scoring rules. Proper scoring…

Computation · Statistics 2023-05-15 Sam Allen

Nearly all model algorithms used in machine learning use two different sets of parameters: the training parameters and the meta-parameters (hyperparameters). While the training parameters are learned during the training phase, the values of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Razvan Andonie , Adrian-Catalin Florea

Nowadays, wind power is considered as one of the most widely used renewable energy applications due to its efficient energy use and low pollution. In order to maintain high integration of wind power into the electricity market, efficient…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-16 Ephrem Admasu Yekun , Alem Haddush Fitwi , S. Karpaga Selvi , Anubhav Kumar

An ensemble post-processing method is developed for the probabilistic prediction of severe weather (tornadoes, hail, and wind gusts) over the conterminous United States (CONUS). The method combines conditional generative adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yingkai Sha , Ryan A. Sobash , David John Gagne

Quantifying uncertainty in weather forecasts is critical, especially for predicting extreme weather events. This is typically accomplished with ensemble prediction systems, which consist of many perturbed numerical weather simulations, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Peter Grönquist , Chengyuan Yao , Tal Ben-Nun , Nikoli Dryden , Peter Dueben , Shigang Li , Torsten Hoefler

Accurate production forecasts are essential to continue facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. This paper illustrates how to obtain probabilistic day-ahead forecasts of wind power generation via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Bruninx , Diederik van Binsbergen , Timothy Verstraeten , Ann Nowé , Jan Helsen

Uncertainty analysis in the form of probabilistic forecasting can provide significant improvements in decision-making processes in the smart power grid for better integrating renewable energies such as wind. Whereas point forecasting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-30 Kostas Hatalis , Shalinee Kishore , Katya Scheinberg , Alberto Lamadrid

Wind energy plays a critical role in the transition towards renewable energy sources. However, the uncertainty and variability of wind can impede its full potential and the necessary growth of wind power capacity. To mitigate these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Stefan Jonas , Kevin Winter , Bernhard Brodbeck , Angela Meyer

Improving the skill of medium-range (3-8 day) severe weather prediction is crucial for mitigating societal impacts. This study introduces a novel approach leveraging decoder-only transformer networks to post-process AI-based weather…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Zhanxiang Hua , Ryan Sobash , David John Gagne , Yingkai Sha , Alexandra Anderson-Frey

Wind flow can be highly unpredictable and can suffer substantial fluctuations in speed and direction due to the shape and height of hills, mountains, and valleys, making accurate wind speed (WS) forecasting essential in complex terrain.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Sourav Malakar , Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti , Bhaswati Ganguli

We introduce a new measure for fair and meaningful comparisons of single-valued output from artificial intelligence based weather prediction (AIWP) and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, called potential continuous ranked…

In the last decades wind power became the second largest energy source in the EU covering 16% of its electricity demand. However, due to its volatility, accurate short range wind power predictions are required for successful integration of…

Applications · Statistics 2022-06-22 Sándor Baran , Ágnes Baran

Ensemble forecasting systems have advanced meteorology by providing probabilistic estimates of future states. Nonetheless, systematic biases often persist, making statistical post-processing essential. Traditional parametric post-processing…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-17 Mária Lakatos

The theoretical advances on the properties of scoring rules over the past decades have broadened the use of scoring rules in probabilistic forecasting. In meteorological forecasting, statistical postprocessing techniques are essential to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Romain Pic , Clément Dombry , Philippe Naveau , Maxime Taillardat

Accurate wind speed forecasting is of great importance for many economic, business and management sectors. This paper introduces a new model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for wind speed prediction tasks. In particular, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Kevin Trebing , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Statistical postprocessing is used to translate ensembles of raw numerical weather forecasts into reliable probabilistic forecast distributions. In this study, we examine the use of permutation-invariant neural networks for this task. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-22 Kevin Höhlein , Benedikt Schulz , Rüdiger Westermann , Sebastian Lerch