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Hateful meme detection presents a significant challenge as a multimodal task due to the complexity of interpreting implicit hate messages and contextual cues within memes. Previous approaches have fine-tuned pre-trained vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ming Shan Hee , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Despite recent concerns about undesirable behaviors generated by large language models (LLMs), including non-factual, biased, and hateful language, we find LLMs are inherent multi-task language checkers based on their latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Wei Fang , Luc Gaitskell , Thomas Hartvigsen , Xixin Wu , Danny Fox , Helen Meng , James Glass

Proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown tendencies toward politeness, formality, and implicit content moderation. While previous research has primarily focused on explicitly training models to moderate and detoxify sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Alfio Ferrara , Sergio Picascia , Laura Pinnavaia , Vojimir Ranitovic , Elisabetta Rocchetti , Alice Tuveri

Despite their impressive capabilities, multilingual large language models (MLLMs) frequently exhibit inconsistent behaviour when the prompt's language changes. While such adaptation is generally desirable, it becomes a critical failure when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Lucas Resck , Isabelle Augenstein , Anna Korhonen

Hate speech remains a persistent and unresolved challenge in online platforms. Content moderators, working on the front lines to review user-generated content and shield viewers from hate speech, often find themselves unprotected from the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Subin Park , Jeonghyun Kim , Jeanne Choi , Joseph Seering , Uichin Lee , Sung-Ju Lee

Making LLMs speak for different, especially minority groups of people, and generate statements supporting their diverse or even controversial perspectives is critical to creating an inclusive environment. However, existing LLMs lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Jiuhai Chen , Lichang Chen , Tianyi Zhou

Content moderation, the process of reviewing and monitoring the safety of generated content, is important for development of welcoming online platforms and responsible large language models. Content moderation contains various tasks, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Minjia Wang , Pingping Lin , Siqi Cai , Shengnan An , Shengjie Ma , Zeqi Lin , Congrui Huang , Bixiong Xu

Achieving consensus in group decision-making often involves overcoming significant challenges, particularly in reconciling diverse perspectives and mitigating biases that hinder agreement. Traditional methods relying on human facilitators…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Loukas Triantafyllopoulos , Dimitris Kalles

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in everyday communication, including multilingual interactions across different cultural contexts. While LLMs can now generate near-perfect literal translations, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Helene Tenzer , Oumnia Abidi , Stefan Feuerriegel

Content moderation at scale remains one of the most pressing challenges in today's digital ecosystem, where billions of user- and AI-generated artifacts must be continuously evaluated for policy violations. Although recent advances in large…

We investigate the impact of politeness levels in prompts on the performance of large language models (LLMs). Polite language in human communications often garners more compliance and effectiveness, while rudeness can cause aversion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ziqi Yin , Hao Wang , Kaito Horio , Daisuke Kawahara , Satoshi Sekine

Machine learning (ML)-based content moderation tools are essential to keep online spaces free from hateful communication. Yet, ML tools can only be as capable as the quality of the data they are trained on allows them. While there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zehui Yu , Indira Sen , Dennis Assenmacher , Mattia Samory , Leon Fröhling , Christina Dahn , Debora Nozza , Claudia Wagner

Humour translation plays a vital role as a bridge between different cultures, fostering understanding and communication. Although most existing Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of general translation tasks, these models still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuchen Su , Yonghua Zhu , Yang Chen , Diana Benavides-Prado , Michael Witbrock

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to meet the pedagogical needs of K-12 English learners in non-native contexts due to a proficiency mismatch. To address this widespread challenge, we introduce a proficiency-aligned framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haidong Yuan , Haokun Zhao , Wanshi Xu , Songjun Cao , Qingyu Zhou , Long Ma , Hongjie Fan

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), with capabilities in perception, recognition, understanding, and reasoning, function as independent assistants in art evaluation dialogues? Current MLLM evaluation methods, which rely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Chanjin Zheng , Zengyi Yu , Yilin Jiang , Mingzi Zhang , Xunuo Lu , Jing Jin , Liteng Gao

Hate speech has become one of the most significant issues in modern society, having implications in both the online and the offline world. Due to this, hate speech research has recently gained a lot of traction. However, most of the work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Mithun Das , Rohit Raj , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Manish Gupta , Animesh Mukherjee

Hate speech detection on social media faces challenges in both accuracy and explainability, especially for underexplored Indic languages. We propose a novel explainability-guided training framework, X-MuTeST (eXplainable Multilingual haTe…

Social media platforms serve as accessible outlets for individuals to express their thoughts and experiences, resulting in an influx of user-generated data spanning all age groups. While these platforms enable free expression, they also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Nikhil Narayan , Mrutyunjay Biswal , Pramod Goyal , Abhranta Panigrahi

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a major step toward artificial general intelligence, significantly advancing our ability to interact with technology. While LLMs perform well on Natural Language Processing tasks -- such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Brandon Smith , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Phillip Dawson , Sunil Aryal

Hate Speech has become a major content moderation issue for online social media platforms. Given the volume and velocity of online content production, it is impossible to manually moderate hate speech related content on any platform. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Sudhanshu Mishra , Shivangi Prasad , Shubhanshu Mishra