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Federated learning is designed to enhance data security and privacy, but faces challenges when dealing with heterogeneous data in long-tailed and non-IID distributions. This paper explores an overlooked scenario where tail classes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Zhuoxin Chen , Zhenyu Wu , Yang Ji

It is not uncommon that real-world data are distributed with a long tail. For such data, the learning of deep neural networks becomes challenging because it is hard to classify tail classes correctly. In the literature, several existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yang Lu , Zhikai Hu , Weichao Lan , Hui Huang

Large language models (LLMs) trained on unfiltered corpora inherently risk retaining sensitive information, necessitating selective knowledge unlearning for regulatory compliance and ethical safety. However, existing parameter-modifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhaokun Wang , Jinyu Guo , Jingwen Pu , Hongli Pu , Meng Yang , Xunlei Chen , Jie Ou , Wenyi Li , Guangchun Luo , Wenhong Tian

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, play a foundational role in various cross-modal applications. To fully leverage VLMs' potential in adapting to downstream tasks, context optimization methods like Prompt Tuning are essential.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Enming Zhang , Bingke Zhu , Yingying Chen , Qinghai Miao , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs), e.g., CLIP, learn broad visual concepts from tedious training data, showing superb generalization ability. Amount of prompt learning methods have been proposed to efficiently adapt the VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Hongyu Hu , Tiancheng Lin , Jie Wang , Zhenbang Sun , Yi Xu

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP achieve zero-shot transfer across various tasks by pre-training on numerous image-text pairs. These models often benefit from using an ensemble of context prompts to represent a class. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhi Chen , Xin Yu , Xiaohui Tao , Yan Li , Zi Huang

Remote sensing data is often distributed across multiple institutions, and due to privacy concerns and data-sharing restrictions, leveraging large-scale datasets in a centralized training framework is challenging. Federated learning offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hui Lin , Chao Zhang , Danfeng Hong , Kexin Dong , Congcong Wen

Recent pre-trained vision-language models (PT-VLMs) often face a Multi-Domain Task Incremental Learning (MTIL) scenario in practice, where several classes and domains of multi-modal tasks are incrementally arrived. Without access to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hao Fu , Hanbin Zhao , Jiahua Dong , Henghui Ding , Chao Zhang , Hui Qian

The increasing emphasis on privacy and data security has driven the adoption of federated learning, a decentralized approach to train machine learning models without sharing raw data. Prompt learning, which fine-tunes prompt embeddings of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Dongping Liao , Xitong Gao , Yabo Xu , Chengzhong Xu

Data privacy and long-tailed distribution are the norms rather than the exception in many real-world tasks. This paper investigates a federated long-tailed learning (Fed-LT) task in which each client holds a locally heterogeneous dataset;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zikai Xiao , Zihan Chen , Songshang Liu , Hualiang Wang , Yang Feng , Jin Hao , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jian Wu , Howard Hao Yang , Zuozhu Liu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding performance in machine translation via in-context learning. In contrast to sentence-level translation, document-level translation (DOCMT) by LLMs based on in-context learning faces two major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without exposing local data, balancing performance and privacy. However, domain shift and label heterogeneity across clients often hinder the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yubin Zheng , Pak-Hei Yeung , Jing Xia , Tianjie Ju , Peng Tang , Weidong Qiu , Jagath C. Rajapakse

The visual world naturally exhibits a long-tailed distribution of open classes, which poses great challenges to modern visual systems. Existing approaches either perform class re-balancing strategies or directly improve network modules to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Teli Ma , Shijie Geng , Mengmeng Wang , Jing Shao , Jiasen Lu , Hongsheng Li , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) of pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) has proven highly effective as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large models to downstream tasks with limited data. Its parameter efficiency makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 M Yashwanth , Sharannya Ghosh , Aditay Tripathi , Anirban Chakraborty

Continual learning (CL) empowers pre-trained vision-language models to adapt effectively to novel or previously underrepresented data distributions without comprehensive retraining, enhancing their adaptability and efficiency. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zhiyuan Wang , Bokui Chen

Label distributions in camera-trap images are highly imbalanced and long-tailed, resulting in neural networks tending to be biased towards head-classes that appear frequently. Although long-tail learning has been extremely explored to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Byeongjun Park , Jeongsoo Kim , Seungju Cho , Heeseon Kim , Changick Kim

Multi-Label Recognition (MLR) based on Vision-Language Models (VLMs) aims to leverage their pre-trained knowledge to better adapt complex recognition scenarios, thereby enhancing model robustness. However, for realistic decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xucong Wang , Pengkun Wang , Zhe Zhao , Liheng Yu , Shuang Wang , Yang Wang

In this work, we address the challenging task of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition methods commonly focus on the data augmentation or re-balancing strategy of the tail classes to give more attention to tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

With the emergence of large pre-trained vison-language model like CLIP, transferable representations can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks via prompt tuning. Prompt tuning tries to probe the beneficial information for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Yinghui Xing , Qirui Wu , De Cheng , Shizhou Zhang , Guoqiang Liang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Real-world visual recognition problems often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where the amount of data for learning in different categories shows significant imbalance. Standard classification models learned on such data distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Chi Zhang , Guosheng Lin , Lvlong Lai , Henghui Ding , Qingyao Wu