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With the rapid growth in the use of fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs), optimizing fine-tuning while keeping inference efficient has become highly important. However, this is a challenging task as it requires improvements in all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Changhun Lee , Jun-gyu Jin , Younghyun Cho , Eunhyeok Park

Recent advances in statistical machine translation via the adoption of neural sequence-to-sequence models empower the end-to-end system to achieve state-of-the-art in many WMT benchmarks. The performance of such machine translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Kai Fan , Jiayi Wang , Bo Li , Fengming Zhou , Boxing Chen , Luo Si

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

This paper proposes an efficient and semi-automated method for human-in-the-loop post-editing for machine translation (MT) corpus generation. The method is based on online training of a custom MT quality estimation metric on-the-fly as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Ahmet Gunduz , Shreyas Sharma , Hassan Sawaf

Quality Estimation (QE) plays an essential role in applications of Machine Translation (MT). Traditionally, a QE system accepts the original source text and translation from a black-box MT system as input. Recently, a few studies indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Ke Wang , Yangbin Shi , Jiayi Wang , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Xiaolin Zheng

Predictive coding, the term used in the legal industry for document classification using machine learning, presents additional challenges when the dataset comprises instant messages, due to their informal nature and smaller sizes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Thanasis Schoinas , Ghulam Qadir

Despite much success in natural language processing (NLP), pre-trained language models typically lead to a high computational cost during inference. Multi-exit is a mainstream approach to address this issue by making a trade-off between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yiming Chen , Simin Chen , Zexin Li , Wei Yang , Cong Liu , Robby T. Tan , Haizhou Li

The task of word-level quality estimation (QE) consists of taking a source sentence and machine-generated translation, and predicting which words in the output are correct and which are wrong. In this paper, propose a method to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Junjie Hu , Wei-Cheng Chang , Yuexin Wu , Graham Neubig

Reward models play a fundamental role in aligning large language models with human preferences. Existing methods predominantly follow two paradigms: scalar discriminative preference models, which are efficient but lack interpretability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zirui Zhu , Hailun Xu , Yang Luo , Yong Liu , Kanchan Sarkar , Kun Xu , Yang You

Accurate prediction of Quality of Service (QoS) metrics is fundamental for selecting and managing cloud based services. Traditional QoS models rely on manual feature engineering and yield only point estimates, offering no insight into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ziliang Wang , Xiaohong Zhang , Ze Shi Li , Meng Yan

As a simple technique to accelerate inference of large-scale pre-trained models, early exiting has gained much attention in the NLP community. It allows samples to exit early at internal classifiers without passing through the entire model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tianxiang Sun , Yunhua Zhou , Xiangyang Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Jiang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Reliable Confidence Estimates are hugely important for any machine learning model to be truly useful. In this paper, we argue that any confidence estimates based upon standard machine learning point prediction algorithms are fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Rhys Green , Matthew Rowe , Alberto Polleri

Almost all frameworks for the manual or automatic evaluation of machine translation characterize the quality of an MT output with a single number. An exception is the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework which offers a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Dojun Park , Sebastian Padó

It is important for Large Language Models (LLMs) to be aware of the boundary of their knowledge, distinguishing queries they can confidently answer from those that lie beyond their capabilities. Such awareness enables models to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lihu Chen , Gerard de Melo , Fabian M. Suchanek , Gaël Varoquaux

Uncertainty quantification for estimation through stochastic optimization solutions in an online setting has gained popularity recently. This paper introduces a novel inference method focused on constructing confidence intervals with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Wanrong Zhu , Zhipeng Lou , Ziyang Wei , Wei Biao Wu

The increasing versatility of language models (LMs) has given rise to a new class of benchmarks that comprehensively assess a broad range of capabilities. Such benchmarks are associated with massive computational costs, extending to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yotam Perlitz , Elron Bandel , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Liat Ein-Dor , Eyal Shnarch , Noam Slonim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

From both human translators (HT) and machine translation (MT) researchers' point of view, translation quality evaluation (TQE) is an essential task. Translation service providers (TSPs) have to deliver large volumes of translations which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Serge Gladkoff , Irina Sorokina , Lifeng Han , Alexandra Alekseeva

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of automatically predicting Machine Translation quality in the absence of reference translations, making it applicable in real-time settings, such as translating online social media conversations. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Amit Gajbhiye , Marina Fomicheva , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Frédéric Blain , Abiola Obamuyide , Nikolaos Aletras , Lucia Specia

Multi-Exit models (MEMs) use an early-exit strategy to improve the accuracy and efficiency of deep neural networks (DNNs) by allowing samples to exit the network before the last layer. However, the effectiveness of MEMs in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Akshay Mehra , Skyler Seto , Navdeep Jaitly , Barry-John Theobald

Increasing the size of large language models (LLMs) has been shown to lead to better performance. However, this comes at the cost of slower and more expensive inference. Early-exiting is a promising approach for improving the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jort Vincenti , Karim Abdel Sadek , Joan Velja , Matteo Nulli , Metod Jazbec