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Human annotated data is the cornerstone of today's artificial intelligence efforts, yet data labeling processes can be complicated and expensive, especially when human labelers disagree with each other. The current work practice is to use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Yisi Sang , Jeffrey Stanton

Many decision problems cannot be solved exactly and use several estimation algorithms that assign scores to the different available options. The estimation errors can have various correlations, from low (e.g. between two very different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Theo Delemazure , François Durand , Fabien Mathieu

Calibration is a popular framework to evaluate whether a classifier knows when it does not know - i.e., its predictive probabilities are a good indication of how likely a prediction is to be correct. Correctness is commonly estimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joris Baan , Wilker Aziz , Barbara Plank , Raquel Fernández

A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's…

Annotated datasets are an essential ingredient to train, evaluate, compare and productionalize supervised machine learning models. It is therefore imperative that annotations are of high quality. For their creation, good quality management…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jan-Christoph Klie , Juan Haladjian , Marc Kirchner , Rahul Nair

In the context of single-winner ranked-choice elections between $m$ candidates, we explore the tradeoff between two competing goals in every democratic system: the majority principle (maximizing the social welfare) and the minority…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Fatih Erdem Kizilkaya , David Kempe

Large-scale labeled dataset is the indispensable fuel that ignites the AI revolution as we see today. Most such datasets are constructed using crowdsourcing services such as Amazon Mechanical Turk which provides noisy labels from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Chong Liu , Yu-Xiang Wang

Rating aggregation plays a crucial role in various fields, such as product recommendations, hotel rankings, and teaching evaluations. However, traditional averaging methods can be affected by participation bias, where some raters do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yongkang Guo , Yuqing Kong , Jialiang Liu

Human preference data is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, but collecting such data is often costly and inefficient-motivating the need for efficient data selection methods that reduce annotation costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seohyeong Lee , Eunwon Kim , Hwaran Lee , Buru Chang

Multi-label learning deals with the problem that each instance is associated with multiple labels simultaneously. Most of the existing approaches aim to improve the performance of multi-label learning by exploiting label correlations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Senlin Shu , Fengmao Lv , Yan Yan , Li Li , Shuo He , Jun He

Recommendation systems often suffer from data sparsity caused by limited user-item interactions, which degrade their performance and amplify popularity bias in real-world scenarios. This paper proposes a novel data augmentation framework…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Minh-Anh Nguyen , Bao Nguyen , Ha Lan N. T. , Tuan Anh Hoang , Duc-Trong Le , Dung D. Le

We study a two-alternative voting game where voters' preferences depend on an unobservable world state and each voter receives a private signal correlated to the true world state. We consider the collective decision when voters can…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xiaotie Deng , Biaoshuai Tao , Ying Wang

When multiple LLM agents solve the same problem, standard practice compresses each agent's reasoning into a majority vote or layered synthesis, treating agreement as the finish line. We show this is unnecessarily lossy: an LLM aggregator…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shreyas Fadnavis , Praitayini Kanakaraj , Felix Wyss

Current alignment pipelines presume a single, universal notion of desirable behavior. However, human preferences often diverge across users, contexts, and cultures. As a result, disagreement collapses into the majority signal and minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Daniel Halpern , Evi Micha , Ariel D. Procaccia , Itai Shapira

Crowdsourcing platforms offer a practical solution to the problem of affordably annotating large datasets for training supervised classifiers. Unfortunately, poor worker performance frequently threatens to compromise annotation reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Liyue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Gita Sukthankar

The process of gathering ground truth data through human annotation is a major bottleneck in the use of information extraction methods for populating the Semantic Web. Crowdsourcing-based approaches are gaining popularity in the attempt to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Anca Dumitrache , Oana Inel , Benjamin Timmermans , Carlos Ortiz , Robert-Jan Sips , Lora Aroyo , Chris Welty

Extreme multi-label classification (XML) is becoming increasingly relevant in the era of big data. Yet, there is no method for effectively generating stratified partitions of XML datasets. Instead, researchers typically rely on provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Maximillian Merrillees , Lan Du

In many real-world classification problems, the labels of training examples are randomly corrupted. Most previous theoretical work on classification with label noise assumes that the two classes are separable, that the label noise is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-08 Gilles Blanchard , Marek Flaska , Gregory Handy , Sara Pozzi , Clayton Scott

Collecting human judgements is currently the most reliable evaluation method for natural language generation systems. Automatic metrics have reported flaws when applied to measure quality aspects of generated text and have been shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Thórhildur Thorleiksdóttir , Cedric Renggli , Nora Hollenstein , Ce Zhang

Label embedding is a framework for multiclass classification problems where each label is represented by a distinct vector of some fixed dimension, and training involves matching model output to the vector representing the correct label.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jianxin Zhang , Clayton Scott