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We prove that if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be drawn in the plane such that each pair of crossing edges is independent and there is a crossing-free edge that connects their endpoints, then $G$ has $O(n)$ edges. Graphs that admit such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-31 Eyal Ackerman , Balázs Keszegh , Mate Vizer

In a book embedding of a graph G, the vertices of G are placed in order along a straight-line called spine of the book, and the edges of G are drawn on a set of half-planes, called the pages of the book, such that two edges drawn on a page…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Franz J. Brandenburg , Stephen G. Kobourov

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on a plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper, we first give a useful structural theorem for 1-planar graphs, and then apply it to the list edge and list total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Xin Zhang , Bei Niu , Jiguo Yu

The Wiener index of a connected graph is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. It was conjectured that the Wiener index of an $n$-vertex maximal planar graph is at most $\lfloor\frac{1}{18}(n^3+3n^2)\rfloor$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-09 Debarun Ghosh , Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Nika Salia , Oscar Zamora

A graph is called 1-planar if it can be drawn on the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper, we establish a local property of 1-planar graphs which describes the structure in the neighborhood of small…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Xin Zhang , Guizhen Liu , Jian-Liang Wu

Topological drawings are representations of graphs in the plane, where vertices are represented by points, and edges by simple curves connecting the points. A drawing is simple if two edges intersect at most in a single point, either at a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Alfredo García , Alexander Pilz , Javier Tejel

The $d$-independence number of a graph $G$ is the largest possible size of an independent set $I$ in $G$ where each vertex of $I$ has degree at least $d$ in $G$. Upper bounds for the $d$-independence number in planar graphs are well-known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Therese Biedl , Prosenjit Bose , Babak Miraftab

In 2023, Gollin, Hendrey, Methuku, Tompkins and Zhang determined the maximum number of cliques in general 1-planar graphs with order $n$. Their extremal examples have connectivity at most three, except for a few small orders. At the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Yuanqiu Huang , Licheng Zhang

A drawing of a graph is $k$-plane if every edge contains at most $k$ crossings. A $k$-plane drawing is saturated if we cannot add any edge so that the drawing remains $k$-plane. It is well-known that saturated $0$-plane drawings, that is,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 János Barát , Géza Tóth

In this paper, we show that any maximal IC-plane graph of order $n$ has at least $\left\lceil\frac{7}{3}n-\frac{14}{3}\right\rceil$ edges, and any maximal NIC-plane graph of order $n$ has at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Zongpeng Ding , Yuanqiu Huang , Fengming Dong , Shengxiang Lv , Panna Gehér

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at 45 degrees line-segments. For such drawings to be readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug

A graph drawn on the plane is called $1$-plane if each edge is crossed at most once by another edge. In this paper, we show that every $4$-connected $1$-plane graph has a connected spanning plane subgraph. We also show that there exist…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Kenta Noguchi , Katsuhiro Ota , Yusuke Suzuki

A $1$-plane graph is a graph embedded in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. A NIC-plane graph is a $1$-plane graph such that any two pairs of crossing edges share at most one end-vertex. An edge partition of a $1$-plane…

The study of nonplanar drawings of graphs with restricted crossing configurations is a well-established topic in graph drawing, often referred to as beyond-planar graph drawing. One of the most studied types of drawings in this area are the…

A graph is beyond-planar if it can be drawn in the plane with a specific restriction on crossings. Several types of beyond-planar graphs have been investigated, such as k-planar if every edge is crossed at most k times and RAC if edges can…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Franz J. Brandenburg

A maximal planar graph is a graph which can be embedded in the plane such that every face of the graph is a triangle. The center of a graph is the subgraph induced by the vertices of minimum eccentricity. We introduce the notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Brandon Du Preez

A graph drawn in the plane is called k-quasi-planar if it does not contain k pairwise crossing edges. It has been conjectured for a long time that for every fixed k, the maximum number of edges of a k-quasi-planar graph with n vertices is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-13 Jacob Fox , Janos Pach , Andrew Suk

The bend-number b(G) of a graph G is the minimum k such that G may be represented as the edge intersection graph of a set of grid paths with at most k bends. We confirm a conjecture of Biedl and Stern showing that the maximum bend-number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-16 Daniel Heldt , Kolja Knauer , Torsten Ueckerdt

We consider embeddings of maximal outerplanar graphs whose vertices all lie on a cycle $\mathcal{C}$ bounding a face. Each edge of the graph that is not in $\mathcal{C}$, a chord, is assigned a length equal to the length of the shortest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Haley Broadus , Elena Pavelescu

Hakimi and Schmeichel determined a sharp lower bound for the number of cycles of length 4 in a maximal planar graph with $n$ vertices, $n\geq 5$. It has been shown that the bound is sharp for $n = 5,12$ and $n\geq 14$ vertices. However, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Oscar Zamora