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Despite extensive research, the testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS) landscape remains fragmented, and there is currently no basis for an informed technical assessment of the importance and contribution of the current state of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are increasingly deployed in real traffic, yet testing remains fundamentally challenging due to open environments, complex scenarios, and the lack of established processes and metrics. Despite extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qunying Song , Ali Nouri , Håkan Sivencrona , Federica Sarro

Thorough testing of safety-critical autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, autonomous robots, and drones, is essential for detecting potential failures before deployment. One crucial testing stage is model-in-the-loop testing, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

The deep neural networks (DNNs)based autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are expected to reduce road accidents and improve safety in the transportation domain as it removes the factor of human error from driving tasks. The DNN based ADS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Manzoor Hussain , Nazakat Ali , Jang-Eui Hong

Safety testing serves as the fundamental pillar for the development of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). To ensure the safety of ADSs, it is paramount to generate a diverse range of safety-critical test scenarios. While existing ADS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Haoxiang Tian , Xingshuo Han , Yuan Zhou , Guoquan Wu , An Guo , Mingfei Cheng , Shuo Li , Jun Wei , Tianwei Zhang

Due to the high performance and safety requirements of self-driving applications, the complexity of modern autonomous driving systems (ADS) has been growing, instigating the need for more sophisticated hardware which could add to the energy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Luke Chen , Mohanad Odema , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) require extensive testing and validation before deployment. However, it is tedious and time-consuming to construct traffic scenarios for ADS testing. In this paper, we propose TrafficComposer, a multi-modal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhi Tu , Liangkun Niu , Wei Fan , Tianyi Zhang

Automated driving systems (ADS) are expected to be reliable and robust against a wide range of driving scenarios. Their decisions, first and foremost, must be well understood. Understanding a decision made by ADS is a great challenge,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Quang-Hung Luu , Huai Liu , Tsong Yueh Chen , Hai L. Vu

The advent of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) has marked a significant shift towards intelligent transportation, with implications for public safety and traffic efficiency. While these systems integrate a variety of technologies and offer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wenyuan Cheng , Zengyang Li , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu

Autonomous systems have advanced significantly, but challenges persist in accident-prone environments where robust decision-making is crucial. A single vehicle's limited sensor range and obstructed views increase the likelihood of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Rui Liu , Zikang Wang , Peng Gao , Yu Shen , Pratap Tokekar , Ming Lin

In this research, we introduce a unified end-to-end Automated Defect Classification-Detection-Segmentation (ADCDS) framework for classifying, detecting, and segmenting multiple instances of semiconductor defects for advanced nodes. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Bappaditya Dey , Matthias Monden , Victor Blanco , Sandip Halder , Stefan De Gendt

Simulation-based testing is essential for evaluating the safety of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs). Comprehensive evaluation requires testing across diverse scenarios that can trigger various types of violations under different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Wenbing Tang , Mingfei Cheng , Renzhi Wang , Yuan Zhou , Chengwei Liu , Yang Liu , Zuohua Ding

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) rely on real-time sensor data, such as cameras and LiDARs, for time-critical decisions using deep neural networks. The accuracy of these decisions is crucial for the widespread adoption of ADSs, as errors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tri Minh Triet Pham , Bo Yang , Jinqiu Yang

The simulation-based testing of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) has gained significant attention. However, current approaches often fall short of accurately assessing ADSs for two reasons: over-reliance on expert knowledge and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ping Zhang , Lingfeng Ming , Tingyi Yuan , Cong Qiu , Yang Li , Xinhua Hui , Zhiquan Zhang , Chao Huang

Autonomous Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) rely on extensive testing to ensure safety and reliability, yet road scenario datasets often contain redundant cases that slow down the testing process without improving fault detection. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qurban Ali , Andrea Stocco , Leonardo Mariani , Oliviero Riganelli

When developing autonomous driving systems (ADS), developers often need to replay previously collected driving recordings to check the correctness of newly introduced changes to the system. However, simply replaying the entire recording is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Mengshi Zhang , Guannan Lou , Tianyi Zhang

Autonomous driving vehicles (ADVs) are implemented with rich software functions and equipped with many sensors, which in turn brings broad attack surface. Moreover, the execution environment of ADVs is often open and complex. Hence, ADVs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Kun Cheng , Yuebin Bai , Yuan Zhou , Chao Yu , Yang Liu

The rapid advancement of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), exemplified by companies like Waymo and Cruise offering 24/7 paid taxi services, highlights the paramount importance of ensuring AVs' compliance with various policies, such as safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ziwen Wan , Yuqi Huai , Yuntianyi Chen , Joshua Garcia , Qi Alfred Chen