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Automated vehicles promise to enhance transportation safety and efficiency. However, ensuring their reliability in real-world conditions remains challenging, particularly due to rare and unexpected situations known as edge cases. While…

Testing autonomous driving systems (ADS) is critical to ensuring their reliability and safety. Existing ADS testing works focuses on designing scenarios to evaluate system-level behaviors, while fine-grained testing of ADS source code has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Wenhan Wang , Xuan Xie , Yuheng Huang , Renzhi Wang , An Ran Chen , Lei Ma

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) integrate sensing, perception, drive control, and several other critical tasks in autonomous vehicles, motivating research into techniques for assessing their safety. While there are several approaches for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yang Sun , Christopher M. Poskitt , Xiaodong Zhang , Jun Sun

Establishing trustworthy safety assurance for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) requires evidence that failures arise from avoidable system deficiencies rather than unavoidable traffic conflicts. Current adversarial simulation methods can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yizhuo Xiao , Haotian Yan , Ying Wang , Zhongpan Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Xintao Yan , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Vincenzo Riccio , Ezequiel Castellano , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini

Simulation-based testing remains the main approach for validating Autonomous Driving Systems. We propose a rigorous test method based on breaking down scenarios into simple ones, taking into account the fact that autopilots make decisions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Testing with simulation environments helps to identify critical failing scenarios for self-driving cars (SDCs). Simulation-based tests are safer than in-field operational tests and allow detecting software defects before deployment.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Christian Birchler , Sajad Khatiri , Pouria Derakhshanfar , Sebastiano Panichella , Annibale Panichella

As autonomous driving systems (ADS) advance towards higher levels of autonomy, orchestrating their safety verification becomes increasingly intricate. This paper unveils ScenarioFuzz, a pioneering scenario-based fuzz testing methodology.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tong Wang , Taotao Gu , Huan Deng , Hu Li , Xiaohui Kuang , Gang Zhao

Autonomous Driving System (ADS) testing is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicles (AVs) before deployment. However, existing techniques primarily focus on evaluating ADS functionalities in single-AV settings.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingfei Cheng , Renzhi Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Yuan Zhou , Lei Ma

Search-based software testing (SBT) is an effective and efficient approach for testing automated driving systems (ADS). However, testing pipelines for ADS testing are particularly challenging as they involve integrating complex driving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Lev Sorokin , Tiziano Munaro , Damir Safin , Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Adam Molin

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chengjie Lu , Tao Yue , Man Zhang , Shaukat Ali

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

Reliable detection of various objects and road users in the surrounding environment is crucial for the safe operation of automated driving systems (ADS). Despite recent progresses in developing highly accurate object detectors based on Deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Hakan Yekta Yatbaz , Mehrdad Dianati , Konstantinos Koufos , Roger Woodman

Autonomous driving has gained significant advancements in recent years. However, obtaining a robust control policy for driving remains challenging as it requires training data from a variety of scenarios, including rare situations (e.g.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Weizi Li , David Wolinski , Ming C. Lin

This paper describes Waymo's Collision Avoidance Testing (CAT) methodology: a scenario-based testing method that evaluates the safety of the Waymo Driver Automated Driving Systems' (ADS) intended functionality in conflict situations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Kristofer D. Kusano , Kurt Beatty , Scott Schnelle , Francesca Favaro , Cam Crary , Trent Victor

The development of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) has the potential to revolutionise the transportation industry, but it also presents significant safety challenges. One of the key challenges is ensuring that the ADS is safe in the event…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Milin Patel , Rolf Jung

Monitoring the integrity of object detection for errors within the perception module of automated driving systems (ADS) is paramount for ensuring safety. Despite recent advancements in deep neural network (DNN)-based object detectors, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Hakan Yekta Yatbaz , Mehrdad Dianati , Konstantinos Koufos , Roger Woodman

Ensuring the functional safety of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) requires motion planning modules that not only operate within strict real-time constraints but also maintain controllability in case of system faults. Existing safeguarding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Korbinian Moller , Glenn Johannes Tungka , Lucas Jürgens , Johannes Betz

Autonomous Driving System (ADS) testing plays a crucial role in their development, with the current focus primarily on functional and safety testing. However, evaluating the non-functional morality of ADSs, particularly their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Wenbing Tang , Mingfei Cheng , Yuan Zhou , Yang Liu

Automated Driving System (ADS) is a safety-critical software system responsible for the interpretation of the vehicle's environment and making decisions accordingly. The unbounded complexity of the driving context, including unforeseeable…