Related papers: Cost Effectiveness Analyses for Sequential Multipl…
Precision medicine involves developing individualized treatment regimes (ITRs) which allow for treatment decisions to be tailored to patient characteristics. Naturally, the identification of the optimal regime, that is, the rule which…
Automated patent claim validation demands low error tolerance. However, existing approaches face a rigidity-resource dilemma: lightweight encoders cannot track long-range legal dependencies, while exhaustive LLM verification incurs 4-5X…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules to guide treatment assignments in response to a patient's evolving, time-varying disease status. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are considered the…
This paper studies empirical risk minimization (ERM) problems for large-scale datasets and incorporates the idea of adaptive sample size methods to improve the guaranteed convergence bounds for first-order stochastic and deterministic…
The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient…
Item Response Theory (IRT) is a well known method for assessing responses from humans in education and psychology. In education, IRT is used to infer student abilities and characteristics of test items from student responses. Interactions…
Stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) have become increasingly popular and are used for a variety of interventions and outcomes, often chosen for their feasibility advantages. SW-CRTs must account for time trends in the outcome…
Public policy-makers use cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) to decide which health and social care interventions to provide. Appropriate methods have not been developed for handling missing data in complex settings, such as for CEA that use…
We propose a reinforcement learning method for estimating an optimal dynamic treatment regime for survival outcomes with dependent censoring. The estimator allows the failure time to be conditionally independent of censoring and dependent…
We study estimation of causal effects in staggered rollout designs, i.e. settings where there is staggered treatment adoption and the timing of treatment is as-good-as randomly assigned. We derive the most efficient estimator in a class of…
There has recently been a growing interest in the development of statistical methods to compare medical costs between treatment groups. When cumulative cost is the outcome of interest, right-censoring poses the challenge of informative…
Although Large language Model (LLM)-powered information extraction (IE) systems have shown impressive capabilities, current fine-tuning paradigms face two major limitations: high training costs and difficulties in aligning with LLM…
Existing strategies for determining the optimal treatment or monitoring strategy typically assume unlimited access to resources. However, when a health system has resource constraints, such as limited funds, access to medication, or…
Probabilistic evaluation improves the trade-off between target coverage and OAR sparing in IMPT but remains computationally demanding. This study proposes sparse probabilistic evaluation (SPE), a computationally efficient approach…
The authors propose robust adaptive strategies based on stochastic minimax optimization for a series of simulated treatments on a one-dimensional patient phantom. The plan applied during the first fractions should be able to handle…
Recent statistical and reinforcement learning methods have significantly advanced patient care strategies. However, these approaches face substantial challenges in high-stakes contexts, including missing data, inherent stochasticity, and…
Obtainable computational efficiency is evaluated when using an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategy in time accurate simulations governed by sets of conservation laws. For a variety of 1D, 2D, and 3D hydro- and magnetohydrodynamic…
Evidence supporting the current World Health Organization recommendations of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for adolescents is inconclusive. We leverage a large observational data and compare, in terms of mortality and CD4…
Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the…
This paper considers sequential adaptive estimation of sparse signals under a constraint on the total sensing effort. The advantage of adaptivity in this context is the ability to focus more resources on regions of space where signal…