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Path planning in robotics often involves solving continuously valued, high-dimensional problems. Popular informed approaches include graph-based searches, such as A*, and sampling-based methods, such as Informed RRT*, which utilize informed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Liding Zhang , Kuanqi Cai , Yu Zhang , Zhenshan Bing , Chaoqun Wang , Fan Wu , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

We propose the instrumental variable regime (IVR) method to estimate the causal effects of multiple sequential treatments. This method serves to address the problem of endogenous selections of sequential treatments. An IVR is a sequence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-21 Thai Pham , Weixin Chen

When devising a course of treatment for a patient, doctors often have little quantitative evidence on which to base their decisions, beyond their medical education and published clinical trials. Stanford Health Care alone has millions of…

Many patients with advanced cancers undergo multiple lines of treatment. We develop methods for estimating quality-adjusted outcomes and cost-effectiveness of therapy sequences, informed by patient-level longitudinal data from Electronic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 Elizabeth A. Handorf , J. Robert Beck , Daniel M. Geynisman

The development lifecycle of generative AI systems requires continual evaluation, data acquisition, and annotation, which is costly in both resources and time. In practice, rapid iteration often makes it necessary to rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Jacob Eisenstein , Jonathan Berant , Alekh Agarwal , Adam Fisch

Dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs), also known as treatment algorithms or adaptive interventions, play an increasingly important role in many health domains. DTRs are motivated to address the unique and changing needs of individuals by…

Non-adherence to assigned treatment is common in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Recently, there has been an increased interest in estimating causal effects of treatment received, for example the so-called local average treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-05 Karla DiazOrdaz , James Carpenter

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an essential component of precision medicine. Model and algorithm-based methods have been developed within the causal inference framework to achieve valid estimation and inference. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-10 Ruohong Li , Honglang Wang , Wanzhu Tu

We study the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) in adaptive experiments where treatment can only be encouraged -- rather than directly assigned -- via a binary instrumental variable. Building on semiparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Miruna Oprescu , Brian M Cho , Nathan Kallus

SAT technology has proven to be surprisingly effective in a large variety of domains. However, for the Weighted CSP problem dedicated algorithms have always been superior. One approach not well-studied so far is the use of SAT in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Aleksandra Petrova , Javier Larrosa , Emma Rollón

Marginal structural models (MSMs) with inverse probability weighting offer an approach to estimating causal effects of treatment sequences on repeated outcome measures in the presence of time-varying confounding and dependent censoring.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 Sean Yiu , Li Su

Considerations regarding clinical effectiveness and cost are essential in comparing the overall value of two treatments. There has been growing interest in methodology to integrate cost and effectiveness measures in order to inform policy…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-04 Andrew J. Spieker , Nicholas Illenberger , Jason A. Roy , Nandita Mitra

We consider the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) in a semi-supervised learning setting, where a very small proportion of the entire set of observations are labeled with the true outcome but features predictive of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-27 David Cheng , Ashwin Ananthakrishnan , Tianxi Cai

Trial-based cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) are an important source of evidence in the assessment of health interventions. In these studies, cost and effectiveness outcomes are commonly measured at multiple time points, but some…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-30 Andrea Gabrio , Catrin Plumpton , Sube Banerjee , Baptiste Leurent

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) play an increasingly important role in psychological and behavioral health research. This experimental approach enables researchers to answer scientific questions about how to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 John J. Dziak , Daniel Almirall , Walter Dempsey , Catherine Stanger , Inbal Nahum-Shani

Background: The Expected Value of Sample Information (EVSI) calculates the value of collecting additional information through a study with a given design. Standard EVSI analyses assume that the treatment recommendations based on the new…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-14 Anna Heath

Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) seeks to maintain accurate dose delivery by monitoring anatomical changes during treatment and modifying plans accordingly, yet commonly used approaches for estimating cumulative dose rely on heuristic,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Robert Boyd , Wolfgang A. Tomé

Multivariate outcomes are common in pragmatic cluster randomized trials. While sample size calculation procedures for multivariate outcomes exist under parallel assignment, none have been developed for a stepped wedge design. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-05 Kendra Davis-Plourde , Monica Taljaard , Fan Li

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of investigational interventions. If every patient in an RCT were to adhere to the randomized treatment, one could simply analyze the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-08 Yongming Qu , Linda Shurzinske , Shanthi Sethuraman

When drawing causal inferences about the effects of multiple treatments on clustered survival outcomes using observational data, we need to address implications of the multilevel data structure, multiple treatments, censoring and unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-18 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Ronald D. Ennis , Joseph W. Hogan