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This paper describes a systematic method of numerically computing and indexing fixed points of $z^{z^w}$ for fixed $z$ or equivalently, the roots of $T_2(w;z)=w-z^{z^w}$. The roots are computed using a modified version of fixed-point…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Dominic C. Milioto

Some easily verifiable sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of iterative roots for multifunctions on arbitrary nonempty sets are presented. Typically if the graph of the multifunction has a distinguished point with a relatively large…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-12-13 B. V. Rajarama Bhat , Chaitanya Gopalakrishna

Let $M$ be the class of all transcendental meromorphic functions $f: \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C} \bigcup\{\infty\}$ with at least two poles or one pole that is not an omitted value, and $M_o =\{f \in M:f{has at least one omitted value}\}$.…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2012-11-09 Tarakanta Nayak , Jian-Hua Zheng

Univariate polynomial root-finding is a classical subject, still important for modern computing. Frequently one seeks just the real roots of a polynomial with real coefficients. They can be approximated at a low computational cost if the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Victor Y. Pan , Liang Zhao

Using the sieve for Frobenius, we show that, in a certain sense, the roots of the L-functions of "most" algebraic curves over finite fields do not satisfy any non-trivial (linear or multiplicative) rational dependency relations. This can be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-07-15 Emmanuel Kowalski

A rational function of degree at least two with coefficients in an algebraically closed field is post-critically finite (PCF) if all of its critical points have finite forward orbit under iteration. We show that the collection of PCF…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-14 Robert L. Benedetto , Patrick Ingram , Rafe Jones , Alon Levy

We prove: If $f(z)$ is a critically finite rational map which has exactly two critical points and which is not conjugate to a polynomial, then the boundary of every Fatou component of $f$ is a Jordan curve. If $f(z)$ is a hyperbolic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Kevin M. Pilgrim

We obtain an analogue of the prime number theorem for a class of branched covering maps on the $2$-sphere called expanding Thurston maps $f$, which are topological models of some rational maps without any smoothness or holomorphicity…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Zhiqiang Li , Tianyi Zheng

We consider a family of $(2,2)$-rational functions given on the set of complex $p$-adic field $\mathcal{C}_p$. Each such function $f$ has the two distinct fixed points $x_1=x_1(f)$, $x_2=x_2(f)$. We study $p$-adic dynamical systems…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-03-19 U. A. Rozikov , I. A. Sattarov

Iteration methods based on barycentric rational interpolation are derived that exhibit accelerating orders of convergence. For univariate root search, the derivative-free methods approach quadratic convergence and the first-derivative…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-11 Sebastian Cassel

This study explores the complex dynamics of the rational function associated with the Modified Chebyshev's root-finding method. After introducing the basic preliminaries of discrete dynamical systems, we analyze the dynamical behavior of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Diego Linares , Carlos Cadenas

We investigate semiconjugate rational functions, that is rational functions $A,$ $B$ related by the functional equation $A\circ X=X\circ B$, where $X$ is a rational function of degree at least two. We show that if $A$ and $B$ is a pair of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-08-17 F. Pakovich

We investigate the trajectory of an arbitrary $(2,1)$-rational $p$-adic dynamical system in a complex $p$-adic field $\C_p$. (i) In the case where there is no fixed point we show that the $p$-adic dynamical system has a 2-periodic cycle…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-11-30 S. Albeverio , U. A. Rozikov , I. A. Sattarov

In this follow-up paper, we again inspect a surprising relationship between the set of fixed points of a polynomial map $\varphi_{d, c}$ defined by $\varphi_{d, c}(z) = z^d + c$ for all $c, z \in \mathcal{O}_{K}$ or $\in \mathbb{Z}_{p}$ or…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Brian Kintu

In this paper we discuss the dynamical structure of the rational family $(f_t)$ given by $$f_t(z)=tz^{m}\Big(\frac{1-z}{1+z}\Big)^{n}\quad(m\ge 2,~t\ne 0).$$ Each map $f_t$ has two super-attracting immediate basins and two free critical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-05-31 HyeGyong Jang , Norbert Steinmetz

For any fixed positive integer $n$, we study the root distribution of a sequence of polynomials $H_{m}(z)$ satisfying the rational generating function \[ \sum_{m=0}^{\infty}H_{m}(z)t^{m}=\frac{1}{1+B(z)t+A(z)t^{n}} \] where $A(z)$ and…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Khang Tran

Given an order, a commutative ring whose additive group is free of finite rank, a natural computational question is whether a fixed univariate polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ has a root in this ring. In this paper, we show that the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Pim Spelier

We prove a dynamical Shafarevich theorem on the finiteness of the set of isomorphism classes of rational maps with fixed degeneracies. More precisely, fix an integer d at least 2 and let K be either a number field or the function field of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Lucien Szpiro , Lloyd West

Many interesting questions in arithmetic dynamics revolve, in one way or another, around the (local and/or global) reducibility behavior of iterates of a polynomial. We show that for very general families of integer polynomials $f$ (and,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Joachim König

We study factorizations of rational matrix functions with simple poles on the Riemann sphere. For the quadratic case (two poles) we show, using multiplicative representations of such matrix functions, that a good coordinate system on this…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-14 Anton Dzhamay