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It is not possible to make measurements of the phase of an optical mode using linear optics without introducing an extra phase uncertainty. This extra phase variance is quite large for heterodyne measurements, however it is possible to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. W. Berry , H. M. Wiseman

We have designed, implemented and tested a time-to-digital converter core in a low-cost Spartan-6 FPGA. Our design exploits the finite propagation speed in carry chains to realize a delay line in which the propagation distance of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-03-29 Sebastien Bourdeauducq

Intrinsic nonlinearity in FPGA-based time-to-digital converters (TDCs) is often treated as a calibration issue and evaluated mainly through post-correction metrics. In quantum key distribution (QKD), however, raw delay-line nonuniformity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Kun Qin , Carsten Trinitis

This paper proposes and evaluates a novel architecture for a low-power Time-to-Digital Converter with high resolution, optimized for both integration in multichannel chips and high rate operation (40 Mconversion/s/channel). This converter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Florent Bouyjou

The upgrade of ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAr) Phase-1 trigger requires high-speed, low-latency data transmission to read out the Lar Trigger Digitizer Board (LTDB). A dual-channel transmitter ASIC LOCx2 have been designed and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-04 Zhi-yue Wang , Tian-kuan Liu , Qi-jie Tang , Yi Feng , Jian Wang

Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are a crucial tool in a wide array of fields, in particular for quantum communication, where time taggers performance can severely affect the quality of the entire application. Nowadays, FPGA-based TDCs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Matías Rubén Bolaños , Daniele Vogrig , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Andrea Stanco

A 3.8ps root mean square (RMS) time synchronization implemented in a 20nm fabrication process ultrascale kintex Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. The multichannel high-speed serial transceivers (e.g. GTH) play a key role in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-12 Hong-Bo Xie , Yang Li , Qi Shen , Sheng-Kai Liao , Cheng-Zhi Peng

.On the basis of requirement of CSNS, we designed a TDC chip with temperature compensation function in this paper, which employed TSMC 180nm process. Using delay unit bufx8 as the major method, delay lines in each level delayed input signal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-27 Yichao Ma , Xinyang Hong , Jian Zhuang , Zhijia Sun , Yafan Tao , Yongsheng Shi , Jianrong Zhou

A grid tied inverter converts DC voltage into AC voltage, while synchronizing it with the supply line phase and frequency. This paper presents an efficient, robust, and easy-to-implement grid tie mechanism. First, the grid tie mechanism was…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-16 Uzair Nadeem , Muhammad Shahzaib Atif , Rizwan Ahmed , Hassan Touqeer , Hamood Ur Rahman Khawaja

A low-power integer-N frequency synthesizer for flexible on-chip clock generation has been designed in 65 nm CMOS technology. The circuit can be programmed to generate two independent low-jitter clocks between 30 MHz and 3 GHz that are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Soumyajit Mandal , Piotr Maj , Grzegorz W. Deptuch

We have developed a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) application in a Xilinx Kintex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This TDC, based on the Tapped-Delay Line (TDL) and Wave Union A (WU-A) techniques, achieves an independent time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-12-30 Zehong Liang , Xiongbo Yan , Zhe Ning , Jun Hu , Xiaoshan Jiang , Yunhua Sun , Weiyan Pan , Jingbo Ye

Fully Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)based digitizer for high-resolution time and energy measurement is an attractive low cost solution for the readout electronics in positron emission computed tomography (PET)detector. In recent…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-01-07 Cong Ma , Wubin Wang , Xiaokun Zhao , Li Yu , Guocheng Wu

We describe a low-cost system designed to monitor wander in digital clocks with a precision of $\le$ 1 ps. With this system we have shown that it is possible to track phase variations at the sub-picosecond level by adding noise to a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-03-24 Rohith Saradhy , Erich Frahm , Eduardo B. S. Mendes , Roger Rusack

We demonstrate experimentally a scheme to measure small temporal delays, much smaller than the pulse width, between optical pulses. Specifically, we observe an interference effect, based on the concepts of quantum weak measurements and weak…

In this study, a novel type of Fourier transform radio spectrometer (termed as all-digital radio spectrometer; ADRS) has been developed in which all functionalities comprising a radio spectrometer including a sampler and Fourier computing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Atsushi Nishimura , Takeru Matsumoto , Teppei Yonetsu , Yuka Nakao , Shinji Fujita , Hiroyuki Maezawa , Toshikazu Onishi , Hideo Ogawa

The presented paper introduces a design for a phase-locked loop (PLL) that is utilized in frequency synthesis and modulation-demodulation within communication systems and in VLSI applications. The CMOS PLL is designed using 180 nm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Priyam Kumar , Akshada Khele , Aditee C. Joshi

Recent generations of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become indispensible tools for complex state machine control and signal processing, and now routinely incorporate CPU cores to allow execution of user software code. At the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 Gary S. Varner

This paper presents a novel encoding method for fine time data of a tapped delay line (TDL) time-to-digital Converter (TDC). It is based on divide-and-conquer strategy, and has the advantage of significantly reducing logic resource…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Wenhao Dong , Changqing Feng , Junchen Wang , Zhongtao Shen , Shubin Liu , Qi An

A clock synchronizing circuit for repeaterless low swing interconnects is presented in this paper. The circuit uses a delay locked loop (DLL) to generate multiple phases of the clock, of which the one closest to the center of the eye is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-10-15 Naveen Kadayinti , Maryam Shojaei Baghini , Dinesh K. Sharma

This paper addresses delay test for SOC devices with high frequency clock domains. A logic design for on-chip high-speed clock generation, implemented to avoid expensive test equipment, is described in detail. Techniques for on-chip clock…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Matthias Beck , Olivier Barondeau , Martin Kaibel , Frank Poehl , Xijiang Lin , Ron Press