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The impressive capability of modern text-to-image models to generate realistic visuals has come with a serious drawback: they can be misused to create harmful, deceptive or unlawful content. This has accelerated the push for machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Agnieszka Polowczyk , Alicja Polowczyk , Joanna Waczyńska , Piotr Borycki , Przemysław Spurek

Large Reasoning Models possess remarkable capabilities for self-correction in general domain; however, they frequently struggle to recover from unsafe reasoning trajectories under adversarial attacks. Existing alignment methods attempt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dongcheng Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yuxin Chen , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Chaochao Lu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an actively growing field that is seeing increased usage in real-world, safety-critical applications -- making it paramount to ensure the robustness of RL algorithms against adversarial attacks. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ethan Rathbun , Christopher Amato , Alina Oprea

Machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs) aims to remove undesired data, knowledge, and behaviors (e.g., for safety, privacy, or copyright) while preserving useful model capabilities. Despite rapid progress over the past two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chongyu Fan , Changsheng Wang , Yancheng Huang , Soumyadeep Pal , Sijia Liu

Machine unlearning aims to erase requested data from trained models without full retraining. For Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Models (RMLLMs), this is uniquely challenging: intermediate chain-of-thought steps can still leak sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hongji Li , Junchi yao , Manjiang Yu , Priyanka Singh , Xue Li , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

We consider Representation Misdirection (RM), a class of large language model (LLM) unlearning methods that achieve forgetting by redirecting the forget-representations, that is, latent representations of forget-samples, toward a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tien Dang , The-Hai Nguyen , Dinh Mai Phuong , Nguyen Minh Phuong , Anh Bui , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Le-Minh Nguyen , Naoya Inoue

Knowledge erasure in large language models (LLMs) is important for ensuring compliance with data and AI regulations, safeguarding user privacy, mitigating bias, and misinformation. Existing unlearning methods aim to make the process of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yash Sinha , Manit Baser , Murari Mandal , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Kankanhalli

Machine unlearning enables the removal of specific data from ML models to uphold the right to be forgotten. While approximate unlearning algorithms offer efficient alternatives to full retraining, this work reveals that they fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Li Hu , Huadi Zheng , Haibo Hu , Zi Liang , Haoyang Li , Yijie Jiao

Large language model (LLM) unlearning aims to surgically remove the influence of undesired data or knowledge from an existing model while preserving its utility on unrelated tasks. This paradigm has shown promise in addressing privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yicheng Lang , Yihua Zhang , Chongyu Fan , Changsheng Wang , Jinghan Jia , Sijia Liu

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for protecting private data and removing harmful knowledge. Most existing approaches rely on fine-tuning to balance unlearning efficiency with general language capabilities. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yaxuan Wang , Chris Yuhao Liu , Quan Liu , Jinglong Pang , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often memorize sensitive or harmful information, necessitating effective machine unlearning techniques. While existing parameter-efficient unlearning methods have shown promise, they still struggle with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeguan Xiao , Lang Mo , Yun Chen , Lei Yang , Jiehui Zhao , Lili Yang , Guanhua Chen

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their security vulnerabilities have already drawn attention. Machine unlearning is introduced to seek to mitigate these risks by removing the influence of undesirable data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Jiahua Li , Su Yan , Cheng Deng

Large language models (LLMs) can often be made to behave in undesirable ways that they are explicitly fine-tuned not to. For example, the LLM red-teaming literature has produced a wide variety of 'jailbreaking' techniques to elicit harmful…

Currently, various uncertainty quantification methods have been proposed to provide certainty and probability estimates for deep learning models' label predictions. Meanwhile, with the growing demand for the right to be forgotten, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Wenqian Ye , Mengdi Huai

Reinforcement Learning (RL), one of the core paradigms in machine learning, learns to make decisions based on real-world experiences. This approach has significantly advanced AI applications across various domains, notably in smart grid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zheyu Zhang

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on massive, uncurated corpora has raised growing concerns about the inclusion of sensitive, copyrighted, or illegal content. This has led to increasing interest in LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Chenlong Zhang , Zhuoran Jin , Hongbang Yuan , Jiaheng Wei , Tong Zhou , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao , Yubo Chen

Machine unlearning seeks to selectively remove the "influence" of specific training data on a model's outputs. The ideal goal is Retrain Equivalence--behavior identical to a model trained from scratch on only the retained data. This goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jiatong Yu , Yinghui He , Anirudh Goyal , Sanjeev Arora

Large language models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned for use on downstream tasks, though this can degrade capabilities learned during previous training. This phenomenon, often referred to as catastrophic forgetting, has important potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Megan Ung , Alicia Sun , Samuel J. Bell , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Levent Sagun , Adina Williams
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