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Neural network-based methods are effective for solving equilibria in Mean-Field Games (MFGs), particularly in high-dimensional settings. However, solving the coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) in MFGs limits their applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jinwei Liu , Wang Yao , Xiao Zhang

Mean-field games (MFGs) are a modeling framework for systems with a large number of interacting agents. They have applications in economics, finance, and game theory. Normalizing flows (NFs) are a family of deep generative models that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Han Huang , Jiajia Yu , Jie Chen , Rongjie Lai

We propose several algorithms to solve McKean-Vlasov Forward Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. Our schemes rely on the approximating power of neural networks to estimate the solution or its gradient through minimization problems.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Maximilien Germain , Joseph Mikael , Xavier Warin

This project investigates numerical methods for solving fully coupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) of McKean-Vlasov type. Having numerical solvers for such mean field FBSDEs is of interest because of the…

Mean-field games with common noise provide a powerful framework for modeling the collective behavior of large populations subject to shared randomness, such as systemic risk in finance or environmental shocks in economics. These problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Ruimeng Hu , Botao Jin , Mathieu Laurière , Jiacheng Zhang

Mean field games (MFGs) model the limit of large populations of strategically interacting agents, yet both forward and inverse problems remain challenging. For the forward problem, a difficulty is to design numerical methods with global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Hanwei Yan , Xianjin Yang , Jingguo Zhang

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Mean-field games (MFGs) study the Nash equilibrium of systems with a continuum of interacting agents, which can be formulated as the fixed-point of optimal control problems. They provide a unified framework for a variety of applications,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Jiajia Yu , Junghwan Lee , Yao Xie , Xiuyuan Cheng

In this work, we study an equilibrium-based continuous asset pricing problem which seeks to form a price process endogenously by requiring it to balance the flow of sales-and-purchase orders in the exchange market, where a large number of…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-28 Masaaki Fujii , Akihiko Takahashi

We develop the theory of linear-quadratic (LQ) mean field games (MFGs) in Hilbert spaces with common noise modeled by an infinite-dimensional Wiener process that affects the dynamics of all agents. In the presence of common noise, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Hanchao Liu , Dena Firoozi

This paper presents a general mean-field game (GMFG) framework for simultaneous learning and decision-making in stochastic games with a large population. It first establishes the existence of a unique Nash Equilibrium to this GMFG, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Renyuan Xu , Junzi Zhang

This paper introduces a framework of Constrained Mean-Field Games (CMFGs), where each agent solves a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). This formulation captures scenarios in which agents' strategies are subject to feasibility,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Anran Hu , Zijiu Lyu

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

This paper proposes and analyzes two neural network methods to solve the master equation for finite-state mean field games (MFGs). Solving MFGs provides approximate Nash equilibria for stochastic, differential games with finite but large…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Asaf Cohen , Mathieu Laurière , Ethan Zell

We formulate the MFG limit for $N$ interacting agents with a common noise as a single quasi-linear deterministic infinite-dimensional partial differential second order backward equation. We prove that any its (regular enough) solution…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Vassili Kolokoltsov , Marianna Troeva

Entropy regularization has been extensively adopted to improve the efficiency, the stability, and the convergence of algorithms in reinforcement learning. This paper analyzes both quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of entropy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Xin Guo , Renyuan Xu , Thaleia Zariphopoulou

This paper introduces a new method based on Deep Galerkin Methods (DGMs) for solving high-dimensional stochastic Mean Field Games (MFGs). We achieve this by using two neural networks to approximate the unknown solutions of the MFG system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mouhcine Assouli , Badr Missaoui

The recent mean field game (MFG) formalism facilitates otherwise intractable computation of approximate Nash equilibria in many-agent settings. In this paper, we consider discrete-time finite MFGs subject to finite-horizon objectives. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

While the topic of mean-field games (MFGs) has a relatively long history, heretofore there has been limited work concerning algorithms for the computation of equilibrium control policies. In this paper, we develop a computable policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Kaiqing Zhang , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar

In this article, we propose two numerical methods, the Gaussian Process (GP) method and the Fourier Features (FF) algorithm, to solve mean field games (MFGs). The GP algorithm approximates the solution of a MFG with maximum a posteriori…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Chenchen Mou , Xianjin Yang , Chao Zhou
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