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Automatic post-editing (APE) aims to improve machine translations, thereby reducing human post-editing effort. APE has had notable success when used with statistical machine translation (SMT) systems but has not been as successful over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Shamil Chollampatt , Raymond Hendy Susanto , Liling Tan , Ewa Szymanska

This paper describes the submission of the AMU (Adam Mickiewicz University) team to the Automatic Post-Editing (APE) task of WMT 2016. We explore the application of neural translation models to the APE problem and achieve good results by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Roman Grundkiewicz

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess the quality of machine translation (MT) outputs without relying on reference translations, making it essential for real-world, large-scale MT evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Archchana Sindhujan , Girish A. Koushik , Shenbin Qian , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan

Recent Quality Estimation (QE) models based on multilingual pre-trained representations have achieved very competitive results when predicting the overall quality of translated sentences. Predicting translation errors, i.e. detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Marina Fomicheva , Lucia Specia , Nikolaos Aletras

Quality Estimation (QE) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) predict the quality of the hypothesis without having access to the reference. An emerging research direction in NMT involves the use of QE models, which have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Koneru , Matthias Huck , Miriam Exel , Jan Niehues

Most studies on word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of machine translation focus on language-specific models. The obvious disadvantages of these approaches are the need for labelled data for each language pair and the high cost required to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

We define a novel concept called extended word alignment in order to improve post-editing assistance efficiency. Based on extended word alignment, we further propose a novel task called refined word-level QE that outputs refined tags and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Yizhen Wei , Takehito Utsuro , Masaaki Nagata

In automatic post-editing (APE) it makes sense to condition post-editing (pe) decisions on both the source (src) and the machine translated text (mt) as input. This has led to multi-source encoder based APE approaches. A research challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Santanu Pal , Hongfei Xu , Nico Herbig , Sudip Kumar Naskar , Antonio Krueger , Josef van Genabith

Quality Estimation (QE) is an important component of the machine translation workflow as it assesses the quality of the translated output without consulting reference translations. In this paper, we discuss our submission to the WMT 2021 QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Shaika Chowdhury , Naouel Baili , Brian Vannah

Automatic keyword extraction (AKE) has gained more importance with the increasing amount of digital textual data that modern computing systems process. It has various applications in information retrieval (IR) and natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enes Altuncu , Jason R. C. Nurse , Yang Xu , Jie Guo , Shujun Li

Quality estimation (QE) reranking is a form of quality-aware decoding which aims to improve machine translation (MT) by scoring and selecting the best candidate from a pool of generated translations. While known to be effective at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Krzysztof Mrozinski , Minji Kang , Ahmed Khota , Vincent Michael Sutanto , Giovanni Gatti De Giacomo

Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation (MT) is a task to estimate the quality scores for given translation outputs from an unknown MT system. However, QE scores for low-resource languages are usually intractable and hard to collect.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ting-Wei Wu , Yung-An Hsieh , Yi-Chieh Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential as judges for Machine Translation (MT) quality assessment, providing both scores and fine-grained feedback. Although approaches such as GEMBA-MQM have shown state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Kanjian Zhang , Jinxia Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Text simplification systems generate versions of texts that are easier to understand for a broader audience. The quality of simplified texts is generally estimated using metrics that compare to human references, which can be difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Reno Kriz , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Insufficient modeling of human preferences within the reward model is a major obstacle for leveraging human feedback to improve translation quality. Fortunately, quality estimation (QE), which predicts the quality of a given translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhiwei He , Xing Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

Quality Estimation (QE) is essential for assessing machine translation quality in reference-less settings, particularly for domain-specific and low-resource language scenarios. In this paper, we investigate sentence-level QE for English to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Namrata Patil Gurav , Akashdeep Ranu , Archchana Sindhujan , Diptesh Kanojia

Word-level quality estimation (WQE) aims to automatically identify fine-grained error spans in machine-translated outputs and has found many uses, including assisting translators during post-editing. Modern WQE techniques are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

Quality Estimation (QE) models have the potential to change how we evaluate and maybe even train machine translation models. However, these models still lack the robustness to achieve general adoption. We show that State-of-the-art QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit , Jiho Lee , Derry Wijaya

Translation Quality Estimation is critical to reducing post-editing efforts in machine translation and to cross-lingual corpus cleaning. As a research problem, quality estimation (QE) aims to directly estimate the quality of translation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Mingjun Zhao , Haijiang Wu , Di Niu , Zixuan Wang , Xiaoli Wang