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Current unlearning methods for large language models usually rely on reverse optimization to reduce target token probabilities. However, this paradigm disrupts the subsequent tokens prediction, degrading model performance and linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoming Xu , Ningyuan Zhao , Liming Yang , Sendong Zhao , Shumin Deng , Mengru Wang , Bryan Hooi , Nay Oo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on a variety of NLP tasks, and are being rapidly adopted in a wide range of use cases. It is therefore of vital importance to holistically evaluate the factuality of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jiaqing Yuan , Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Jiang Guo , Jiarong Jiang , Bonan Min , Patrick Ng , Zhiguo Wang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at generalizing across modalities and tasks, effectively adapting them to specific downstream tasks while simultaneously retaining both general and specialized knowledge remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jian Liang , Wenke Huang , Guancheng Wan , Qu Yang , Mang Ye

Large language models (LLMs) can acquire new capabilities through fine-tuning, but continual adaptation often leads to catastrophic forgetting. We propose CRAFT, a continual learning framework that avoids updating model weights by instead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Md Anwar Hossen , Fatema Siddika , Juan Pablo Munoz , Tanya Roosta , Ali Jannesari

Previous studies on continual knowledge learning (CKL) in large language models (LLMs) have predominantly focused on approaches such as regularization, architectural modifications, and rehearsal techniques to mitigate catastrophic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem of neural networks that loses the information of the first task after training the second task. Here, we propose a method, i.e. incremental moment matching (IMM), to resolve this problem. IMM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Sang-Woo Lee , Jin-Hwa Kim , Jaehyun Jun , Jung-Woo Ha , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Increasing the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) usually improves performance in downstream tasks but raises compute and memory costs, making deployment difficult in resource-limited settings. Quantization techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Renren Jin , Jiangcun Du , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Deyi Xiong

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising solution for adapting models to distributed data environments while ensuring data privacy. Existing FedFT methods predominantly utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yujia Huo , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Zhenguo Ma , Shilong Wang , Liusheng Huang

Enabling large language models (LLMs) to unlearn knowledge and capabilities acquired during training has proven vital for ensuring compliance with data regulations and promoting ethical practices in generative AI. Although there are growing…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP) through their extensive parameters and comprehensive data utilization. However, existing LLMs lack a dedicated memory unit, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Ali Modarressi , Ayyoob Imani , Mohsen Fayyaz , Hinrich Schütze

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models of high parameter counts are computationally expensive, yet can be made much more efficient by compressing their weights to very low numerical precision. This can be achieved either through post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Zifei Xu , Sayeh Sharify , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Xin Wang

Domain-specific post-training often causes catastrophic forgetting, making foundation models lose their general reasoning ability and limiting their adaptability to dynamic real-world environments. Preserving general capabilities while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Lingxiang Wang , Hainan Zhang , Zhiming Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prevalent in modern applications but often memorize training data, leading to privacy breaches and copyright issues. Existing research has mainly focused on posthoc analyses, such as extracting memorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Tarun Ram Menta , Susmit Agrawal , Chirag Agarwal

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Adapting general large language models (LLMs) to specialized domains presents great challenges due to varied data distributions. This adaptation typically requires continual pre-training on massive domain-specific corpora to facilitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jinhao Jiang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Tao Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

Human beings are able to master a variety of knowledge and skills with ongoing learning. By contrast, dramatic performance degradation is observed when new tasks are added to an existing neural network model. This phenomenon, termed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities, they increasingly face demands to unlearn memorized privacy-sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful content. Existing unlearning methods primarily focus on \emph{single-shot}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiaoyu Xu , Minxin Du , Kun Fang , Yaxin Xiao , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

While current large language models (LLMs) perform well on many knowledge-related tasks, they are limited by relying on their parameters as an implicit storage mechanism. As a result, they struggle with memorizing rare events and with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ali Modarressi , Abdullatif Köksal , Ayyoob Imani , Mohsen Fayyaz , Hinrich Schütze