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Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to provide up-to-date information due to their one-time training and the constantly evolving nature of the world. To keep LLMs current, existing approaches typically involve continued pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiaoying Zhang , Baolin Peng , Ye Tian , Jingyan Zhou , Yipeng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Helen Meng

This paper investigates and validates the impact of fine-tuning on large language model performance, focusing on parameter-efficient methods (LoRA and QLoRA). We evaluate model capabilities across three key domains: (1) commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Qingda , Mai

In this paper, we consider the problem of fine-grained image retrieval in an incremental setting, when new categories are added over time. On the one hand, repeatedly training the representation on the extended dataset is time-consuming. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Wei Chen , Yu Liu , Weiping Wang , Tinne Tuytelaars , Erwin M. Bakker , Michael Lew

The extensive memory footprint of language model (LM) fine-tuning poses a challenge for both researchers and practitioners. LMs use an embedding matrix to represent extensive vocabularies, forming a substantial proportion of the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Miles Williams , Nikolaos Aletras

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Neural machine translation (NMT) models usually suffer from catastrophic forgetting during continual training where the models tend to gradually forget previously learned knowledge and swing to fit the newly added data which may have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Shuhao Gu , Yang Feng

Continual instruction tuning(CIT) during the post-training phase is crucial for adapting multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to evolving real-world demands. However, the progress is hampered by the lack of benchmarks with rigorous,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Haiyun Guo , Zhiyan Hou , Yandu Sun , Jinghan He , Yu Chen , Yuzhe Zhou , Yuheng Jia , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Nowadays, real-world data, including graph-structure data, often arrives in a streaming manner, which means that learning systems need to continuously acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziyang Cheng , Zhixun Li , Yuhan Li , Yixin Song , Kangyi Zhao , Dawei Cheng , Jia Li , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their substantial model sizes often require substantial computational resources. To preserve computing resources and accelerate inference speed, it is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yirao Zhao , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing , Wenxuan Zhang

The magnitude of parameter updates are considered a key factor in continual learning. However, most existing studies focus on designing diverse update strategies, while a theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 JinLi He , Liang Bai , Xian Yang

Evolution Strategies (ES) has recently emerged as a competitive alternative to reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) fine-tuning, offering advantages through simplicity, scalability, and inference-only training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kajetan Schweighofer , Conor F. Hayes , Roberto Dailey , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) is heavily dependent on the quality of the underlying data, particularly within specialized domains. A common challenge when fine-tuning LLMs for domain-specific applications is the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Jianwei Sun , Chaoyang Mei , Linlin Wei , Kaiyu Zheng , Na Liu , Ming Cui , Tianyi Li

This study investigates the mechanisms and factors influencing memorization in fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), with a focus on the medical domain due to its privacy-sensitive nature. We examine how different aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Danil Savine

Training data plays a pivotal role in AI models. Large language models (LLMs) are trained with massive amounts of documents, and their parameters hold document-related contents. Recently, several studies identified content-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bumjin Park , Jaesik Choi

Large-scale contrastive pre-training produces powerful Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) capable of generating representations (embeddings) effective for a wide variety of visual and multimodal tasks. However, these pretrained embeddings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nikolaos-Antonios Ypsilantis , Kaifeng Chen , André Araujo , Ondřej Chum

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in solving mathematical problems, yet their performance is often limited by the availability of high-quality, diverse training data. Existing methods focus on augmenting datasets through rephrasing or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yue Chen , Minghua He , Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Lu Wang , Yu Kang , Yifei Dong , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

The ability of neural networks to continuously learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining prior knowledge is crucial for many applications. However, current neural networks tend to forget previously learned tasks when trained on new ones,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sinan Özgür Özgün , Anne-Marie Rickmann , Abhijit Guha Roy , Christian Wachinger

As large language models (LLMs) are applied across diverse domains, the ability to selectively unlearn specific information is becoming increasingly essential. For instance, LLMs are expected to selectively provide confidential information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shota Takashiro , Takeshi Kojima , Andrew Gambardella , Qi Cao , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo