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In many modern machine learning applications, the outcome is expensive or time-consuming to collect while the predictor information is easy to obtain. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims at utilizing large amounts of `unlabeled' data along…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-16 Jessica Gronsbell , Tianxi Cai

The utilization of speech Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models achieves impressive performance on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, in low-resource language ASR, they encounter the domain mismatch problem between pre-trained and…

Despite the impressive progress of self-supervised learning (SSL), its applicability to low-compute networks has received limited attention. Reported performance has trailed behind standard supervised pre-training by a large margin, barring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Fuwen Tan , Fatemeh Saleh , Brais Martinez

Keyword Spotting (KWS) models are becoming increasingly integrated into various systems, e.g. voice assistants. To achieve satisfactory performance, these models typically rely on a large amount of labelled data, limiting their applications…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Holger Severin Bovbjerg , Zheng-Hua Tan

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. A common pretext task consists in pretraining a SSL…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an active area of research which aims to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems. The current study proposes a methodology for integration of two key ideas: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Prakhar Swarup , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Ashtosh Sapru , Hitesh Tulsiani , Harish Arsikere , Sri Garimella

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) addresses the lack of labeled data by exploiting large unlabeled data through pseudolabeling. However, in the extremely low-label regime, pseudo labels could be incorrect, a.k.a. the confirmation bias, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Xun Xu , Jingyi Liao , Lile Cai , Manh Cuong Nguyen , Kangkang Lu , Wanyue Zhang , Yasin Yazici , Chuan Sheng Foo

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a valuable and robust training methodology for contemporary Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), enabling unsupervised pretraining on a 'pretext task' that does not require ground-truth labels/annotation. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Sotirios Konstantakos , Jorgen Cani , Ioannis Mademlis , Despina Ioanna Chalkiadaki , Yuki M. Asano , Efstratios Gavves , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos

Recent advancements in Deep and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have led to substantial improvements in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) performance, reaching unprecedented levels. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of accurately labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Bulat Khaertdinov , Pedro Jeuris , Annanda Sousa , Enrique Hortal

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently achieved impressive performance on various time series tasks. The most prominent advantage of SSL is that it reduces the dependence on labeled data. Based on the pre-training and fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Kexin Zhang , Qingsong Wen , Chaoli Zhang , Rongyao Cai , Ming Jin , Yong Liu , James Zhang , Yuxuan Liang , Guansong Pang , Dongjin Song , Shirui Pan

Speech fluency/disfluency can be evaluated by analyzing a range of phonetic and prosodic features. Deep neural networks are commonly trained to map fluency-related features into the human scores. However, the effectiveness of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Kaiqi Fu , Shaojun Gao , Shuju Shi , Xiaohai Tian , Wei Li , Zejun Ma

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is now a standard way to pretrain medical image models, but performance is still mostly judged by downstream accuracy. For safety-critical screening tasks such as diabetic retinopathy grading, this is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Muskaan Chopra , Lorenz Sparrenberg , Jan H. Terheyden , Rafet Sifa

Pretraining has become a standard technique in computer vision and natural language processing, which usually helps to improve performance substantially. Previously, the most dominant pretraining method is transfer learning (TL), which uses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Xingyi Yang , Xuehai He , Yuxiao Liang , Yue Yang , Shanghang Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a long-standing goal for speech processing, since it utilizes large-scale unlabeled data and avoids extensive human labeling. Recent years witness great successes in applying self-supervised learning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Chengyi Wang , Zhengyang Chen , Zhuo Chen , Shujie Liu , Jian Wu , Yao Qian , Furu Wei , Jinyu Li , Xiangzhan Yu

ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been proved to be an effective way to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data at the same time. Recent semi-supervised approaches focus on deep neural networks and have achieved promising results on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hong-Yu Zhou , Avital Oliver , Jianxin Wu , Yefeng Zheng

We present results from Alexa speech teams on semi-supervised learning (SSL) of acoustic models (AM) with experiments spanning over 3000 hours of GPU time, making our study one of the largest of its kind. We discuss SSL for AMs in a small…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a scalable way to learn general visual representations since it learns without labels. However, large-scale unlabeled datasets in the wild often have long-tailed label distributions, where we know little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hong Liu , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

Group conversations over videoconferencing are a complex social behavior. However, the subjective moments of negative experience, where the conversation loses fluidity or enjoyment remain understudied. These moments are infrequent in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Andrew Chang , Chenkai Hu , Ji Qi , Zhuojian Wei , Kexin Zhang , Viswadruth Akkaraju , David Poeppel , Dustin Freeman

Can a small amount of verified goal information steer the expensive self-supervised pretraining of foundation models? Standard pretraining optimizes a fixed proxy objective (e.g., next-token prediction), which can misallocate compute away…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shuqi Ke , Giulia Fanti