Related papers: Kullback-Leibler divergence and primitive non-defi…

In this paper, some new upper bounds for Kullback-Leibler divergence(KL-divergence) based on $L^1, L^2$ and $L^\infty$ norms of density functions are discussed. Our findings unveil that the convergence in KL-divergence sense sandwiches…

A subset of $\{1,2,\ldots,2n\}$ is said to be primitive if it does not contain any pair of elements $(u,v)$ such that $u$ is a divisor of $v$. Let $D(n)$ denote the number of primitive subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots,2n\}$ with $n$ elements.…

In this article, we give a classification of irreducible completely splittable representations of affine Hecke-Clifford superalgebras $H_n^{\mathrm{aff}}(q)$ when $q^2$ is a primitive $h$-th root of unity. As an application, we derive a…

The nonparametric view of Bayesian inference has transformed statistics and many of its applications. The canonical Dirichlet process and other more general families of nonparametric priors have served as a gateway to solve frontier…

We study additive properties of consecutive prime numbers and the primality of the sums they generate. For a given prime number $p_n$, we consider the sums \[ S_k(p_n) = p_n + p_{n+1} + \cdots + p_{n+k-1}, \] where $k \ge 3$ is an odd…

Given a prime number $p$, the study of divisibility properties of a sequence $c(n)$ has two contending approaches: $p$-adic valuations and superconcongruences. The former searches for the highest power of $p$ dividing $c(n)$, for each $n$;…

For a function $f\colon \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}$, define $N^{\times}_{f}(x)=\#\{n\leq x: n=kf(k) \mbox{ for some $k$} \}$. Let $\tau(n)=\sum_{d|n}1$ be the divisor function, $\omega(n)=\sum_{p|n}1$ be the prime divisor function, and…

We consider the primes which divide the denominator of the x-coordinate of a sequence of rational points on an elliptic curve. It is expected that for every sufficiently large value of the index, each term should be divisible by a primitive…

This document shows how to obtain the Jacobian and Hessian matrices of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two multivariate Gaussian distributions, using the first and second-order differentials. The presented derivations are based on…

Let $H$ be a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. If $H$ is not semisimple and $\dim(H)=2n$ for some odd integer $n$, then $H$ or $H^*$ is not unimodular. Using this result, we prove that…

In this paper we give a new semiprimality test and we construct a new formula for $\pi ^{(2)}(N)$, the function that counts the number of semiprimes not exceeding a given number $N$. We also present new formulas to identify the $n^{th}$…

Let $f\colon\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}_0$ be a multiplicative arithmetic function such that for all primes $p$ and positive integers $\alpha$, $f(p^{\alpha})<p^{\alpha}$ and $f(p)\vert f(p^{\alpha})$. Suppose also that any prime that…

A set of natural numbers $A$ is called primitive if no element of $A$ divides any other. Let $\Omega(n)$ be the number of prime divisors of $n$ counted with multiplicity. Let $f_z(A) = \sum_{a \in A}\frac{z^{\Omega(a)}}{a (\log a)^z}$,…

Let $l$ be a positive odd integer. Using Cilleruelo's method, we establish an explicit lower bound $N_l$ depending on $l$ such that for all $n\geq N_l$, $\prod_{k=1}^n (2k^2+l)$ is not a square. As an application, we determine all values of…

We give an overview of statistical models and likelihood, together with two of its variants: penalized and hierarchical likelihood. The Kullback-Leibler divergence is referred to repeatedly, for defining the misspecification risk of a…

Prime numbers are one of the most intriguing figures in mathematics. Despite centuries of research, many questions remain still unsolved. In recent years, computer simulations are playing a fundamental role in the study of an immense…

In this paper, we study the statistical and geometrical properties of the Kullback-Leibler divergence with kernel covariance operators (KKL) introduced by Bach [2022]. Unlike the classical Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence that involves…

The divisor function $\sigma(n)$ sums the divisors of $n$. We call $n$ abundant when $\sigma(n) - n > n$ and perfect when $\sigma(n) - n = n$. I recently introduced the recursive divisor function $a(n)$, the recursive analog of the divisor…

Let $k({\bf x})=k(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$ be the rational function field, and $k\subsetneqq L\subsetneqq k({\bf x})$ an intermediate field. Then, Hilbert's fourteenth problem asks whether the $k$-algebra $A:=L\cap k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$ is finitely…

It is shown that there exist infinitely many non-integers $r>2$ such that the Dehn function of some finitely presented group is $\simeq n^r$. For each positive rational number $s$ we construct pairs of finitely presented groups $H\subset G$…