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Resistive memories have limited lifetime caused by limited write endurance and highly non-uniform write access patterns. Two main techniques to mitigate endurance-related memory failures are 1) wear-leveling, to evenly distribute the writes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Leonid Yavits , Lois Orosa , Suyash Mahar , João Dinis Ferreira , Mattan Erez , Ran Ginosar , Onur Mutlu

Due to its high density and close-to-SRAM read latency, spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) is considered one of the most-promising emerging memory technologies for designing large last level caches (LLCs). However, in deep sub-micron…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Sparsh Mittal

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown a potential for having low energy with unsupervised learning capabilities due to their biologically-inspired computation. However, they may suffer from accuracy degradation if their processing is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Prices of NAND flash memories are falling drastically due to market growth and fabrication process mastering while research efforts from a technological point of view in terms of endurance and density are very active. NAND flash memories…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-09-17 Jalil Boukhobza , Pierre Olivier , Stéphane Rubini

How stable is the performance of your flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs)? This question is central for database designers and administrators, cloud service providers, and SSD constructors. The answer depends on write-amplification, i.e.,…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-04-02 Niv Dayan , Luc Bouganim , Philippe Bonnet

As flash-based Solid State Drive (SSD) arrays become essential to modern data centers, scaling these arrays to meet explosive data growth is a frequent and critical operation. However, the conventional wear-leveling (WL) paradigm applied…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Shuhang Xu , Yunfei Gu , Linhui Liu , Chentao Wu

The current flash memory technology focuses on the cost minimization of its static storage capacity. However, the resulting approach supports a relatively small number of program-erase cycles. This technology is effective for consumer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Eyal En Gad , Eitan Yaakobi , Anxiao , Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

As capacity and complexity of on-chip cache memory hierarchy increases, the service cost to the critical loads from Last Level Cache (LLC), which are frequently repeated, has become a major concern. The processor may stall for a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Navid Khoshavi , Xunchao Chen , Jun Wang , Ronald F. DeMara

We 1) present the first rigorous security, performance, energy, and cost analyses of the state-of-the-art on-DRAM-die read disturbance mitigation method, Per Row Activation Counting (PRAC) and 2) propose Chronus, a new mechanism that…

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) as one of the most promising replacements for SRAMs in on-chip cache memories benefits from higher density and scalability, near-zero leakage power, and non-volatility, but its reliability is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asadi

To mitigate the impact of noise and interference on multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory with the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we propose a dynamic write-voltage design scheme considering the asymmetric property of raw bit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Runbin Cai , Yi Fang , Zhifang Shi , Lin Dai , Guojun Han

Recent development in memory technologies has introduced Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) as the most promising replacement for SRAMs in on-chip cache memories. Besides its lower leakage power, higher density, immunity to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asad

Humans can naturally learn new and varying tasks in a sequential manner. Continual learning is a class of learning algorithms that updates its learned model as it sees new data (on potentially new tasks) in a sequence. A key challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Masih Eskandar , Tooba Imtiaz , Davin Hill , Zifeng Wang , Jennifer Dy

Performance and reliability are two prominent factors in the design of data storage systems. To achieve higher performance, recently storage system designers use DRAM-based buffers. The volatility of DRAM brings up the possibility of data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Mostafa Hadizadeh , Elham Cheshmikhani , Maysam Rahmanpour , Onur Mutlu , Hossein Asadi

The pivotal storage density win achieved by solid-state devices over magnetic devices in 2015 is a result of multiple innovations in physics, architecture, and signal processing. One of the most important innovations in that regard is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Ahmed Hareedy , Simeng Zheng , Paul Siegel , Robert Calderbank

We present STaR, a novel method that performs Self-supervised Tracking and Reconstruction of dynamic scenes with rigid motion from multi-view RGB videos without any manual annotation. Recent work has shown that neural networks are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Wentao Yuan , Zhaoyang Lv , Tanner Schmidt , Steven Lovegrove

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is the prevalent memory technology used to build main memory systems of almost all computers. A fundamental shortcoming of DRAM is the need to refresh memory cells to keep stored data intact. DRAM refresh…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Onur Mutlu

Semiconductor NAND Flash based memory technology dominates the electronic Non-Volatile storage media market. Though NAND Flash offers superior performance and reliability over conventional magnetic HDDs, yet it suffers from certain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Abhilash Garg , Supriya Chakraborty , Manoj Malik , Devesh Kumar , Satyajeet Singh , Manan Suri

The pivotal storage density win achieved by solid-state devices over magnetic devices recently is a result of multiple innovations in physics, architecture, and signal processing. Constrained coding is used in Flash devices to increase…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Ahmed Hareedy , Simeng Zheng , Paul Siegel , Robert Calderbank

Solid-state drives (SSDs) have revolutionized data storage with their high performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. However, as storage demands grow, SSDs face critical challenges in scalability, endurance, latency, and security.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Tianyu Ren , Yajuan Du , Jinhua Cui , Yina Lv , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue