Related papers: Free ribbon lemma for surface-link
Kervaire conjecture that the weight of the free product of every non-trivial group and the infinite cyclic group is not one is confirmed by confirming Conjecture Z of a knot exterior.
Let G be a word-hyperbolic group, obtained as a graph of free groups amalgamated along cyclic subgroups. If H_2(G;Q) is nonzero, then G contains a closed hyperbolic surface subgroup. Moreover, the unit ball of the Gromov-Thurston norm on…
A gluing of two rooted trees is an identification of their leaves and un-subdivision of the resulting 2-valent vertices. A gluing of two rooted trees is subdivergence free if it has no 2-edge cuts with both roots on the same side of the…
For each integer $n\ge 2$, we construct infinitely many $n$-component Brunnian links of 3-balls in $S^4$. Our main tool is the third author's result on the existence of splitting spheres for the trivial two-component link of $2$-spheres in…
A link diagram can be considered as a $4$-valent graph embedded in the $2$-sphere and divides the sphere into complementary regions. In this paper, we show that any link has a diagram with only triangles and quadrilaterals. This extends…
Given a link L in the 3-sphere, we ask whether the components of L bound disjoint, nullhomologous disks properly embedded in a simply-connected positive-definite smooth 4-manifold; the knot case has been studied extensively in work of…
In this note, we study the Gehring link problem in the round sphere, which motives our study of the width of a band in positively curved manifolds. Using the same idea, we are able to get a sphere theorem for hypersurface in in the round…
We show that if a group $G$ acting faithfully on a rooted tree $T$ has a free subgroup, then either there exists a point $w$ of the boundary $\partial T$ and a free subgroup of $G$ with trivial stabilizer of $w$, or there exists…
The signature of a surface bundle over a surface is known to be divisible by 4. It is also known that the signature vanishes if the fiber genus is less than or equal to 2 or the base genus is less than or equal to 1. In this article, we…
Gromov asked whether every one-ended word-hyperbolic group contains a hyperbolic surface group. We prove that every one-ended double of a free group has a hyperbolic surface subgroup if (1) the free group has rank two, or (2) every…
We introduce the notion of fundamental heap for compact orientable surfaces with boundary embedded in $3$-space, which is an isotopy invariant of the embedding. It is a group, endowed with a ternary heap operation, defined using diagrams of…
Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface (called a surface-link) embedded in 4-space. In this paper,…
Rationally null-homologous links in Seifert fibered spaces may be represented combinatorially via labeled diagrams. We introduce an additional condition on a labeled link diagram and prove that it is equivalent to the existence of a…
We show that any number of disjointly embedded 2-spheres in 4-space can be pulled apart by a link homotopy, ie, by a motion in which the 2-spheres stay disjoint but are allowed to self-intersect.
We introduce a new construction of a surface link in the 4-space. We construct a surface link as a branched covering over the standard torus, which we call a torus-covering link. We show that a certain torus-covering $T^2$-link is…
We show that there exists a link with 2 components which is not smoothly slice in $\mathbb{CP}^2 \# \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$. By contrast, it is well-known that every knot (i.e., link with 1 component) is smoothly slice therein. Our proof…
A ribbon is a non-reduced curve modelled on the first infinitesimal neighbourhood of a smooth curve in a surface. This paper is devoted to describe some properties of coherent sheaves on such a curve and their Simpson moduli space. In…
The theory of signature invariants of links in rational homology spheres is applied to covering links of homology boundary links. From patterns and Seifert matrices of homology boundary links, an explicit formula is derived to compute…
By strengthening known results about primitivity-blocking words in free groups, we prove that for any nontrivial element w of a free group of finite rank, there are words that cannot be subwords of any cyclically reduced automorphic image…
Menasco showed that a closed surface in the complement of a non-split prime alternating link in $S^3$ contains a circle isotopic in the link complement to a meridian of the links. This result is known as the meridian lemma for alternating…