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Nonlinear dynamical systems such as coupled oscillators are being actively investigated as Ising machines for solving computationally hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Prior works have established the equivalence between the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-19 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Zongli Lin , Nikhil Shukla

Randomly coupled Ising spins constitute the classical model of collective phenomena in disordered systems, with applications covering ferromagnetism, combinatorial optimization, protein folding, stock market dynamics, and social dynamics.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-24 David Dahmen , Hannah Bos , Moritz Helias

Ising Machines (IMs) are physical systems designed to find solutions to combinatorial optimization (CO) problems mapped onto the IM via the coupling strengths of its binary spins. Using the intrinsic dynamics and different annealing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Afshin Houshang , Mohammad Zahedinejad , Shreyas Muralidhar , Jakub Checinski , Ahmad A. Awad , Johan Åkerman

Time-multiplexed networks of degenerate optical parametric oscillators have demonstrated remarkable success in simulating coupled Ising spins, thus providing a promising route to solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. In these…

We study the stochastic parallel dynamics of Ising spin systems defined on finitely connected directed random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions, using generating functional analysis. For fully asymmetric graphs the dynamics of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-09-24 Kazushi Mimura , A. C. C. Coolen

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) are networks of coupled oscillators that seek the minimum energy state of an Ising model. Since many NP-hard problems are equivalent to the minimization of an Ising Hamiltonian, OIMs have emerged as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Ahmed Allibhoy , Arthur N. Montanari , Fabio Pasqualetti , Adilson E. Motter

Networks of optical oscillators simulating coupled Ising spins have been recently proposed as a heuristic platform to solve hard optimization problems. These networks, called coherent Ising machines (CIMs), exploit the fact that the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti

High-performance Ising machines for solving combinatorial optimization problems have been developed with digital processors implementing heuristic algorithms such as simulated bifurcation (SB). Although Ising machines have been designed for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Taro Kanao , Hayato Goto

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) represent an exemplar case of using physics-inspired non-linear dynamical systems to solve computationally challenging combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). The computational performance of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 E. M. H. E. B. Ekanayake , N. Shukla

Classical or quantum physical systems can simulate the Ising Hamiltonian for large-scale optimization and machine learning. However, devices such as quantum annealers and coherent Ising machines suffer an exponential drop in the probability…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-09 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

A recently new intelligent optimization algorithm called discrete state transition algorithm is considered in this study, for solving unconstrained integer optimization problems. Firstly, some key elements for discrete state transition…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-05 Xiaojun Zhou

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki

Conceptual process design is a crucial aspect of chemical engineering that involves process synthesis. Mixed-integer nonlinear programming is a powerful framework for modeling such design problems by combining discrete and continuous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Yirang Park , David E. Bernal Neira

Ising machines have the potential to realize fast and highly accurate solvers for combinatorial optimization problems. They are classified based on their internal algorithms. Examples include simulated-annealing-based Ising machines…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-15 Shuta Kikuchi , Nozomu Togawa , Shu Tanaka

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…

We propose and implement a novel hybrid meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for the identification of non-collinear global ground-states in magnetic systems. The inputs to this optimization scheme are directly from non-collinear density…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-03 Guy C. Moore , Matthew K. Horton , Kristin A. Persson

Analog computing using bosonic computational states is a leading approach to surpassing the computational speed and energy limitations of von Neumann architectures. But the challenges of manufacturing large-scale photonic integrated…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Farhad Khosravi , Martin Perreault , Artur Scherer , Pooya Ronagh

Several continuous dynamical systems have recently been proposed as special-purpose analog computers designed to solve combinatorial optimization problems such as $k$-SAT or the Ising problem. While combinatorial optimization problems are…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-17 Clemens Gneiting , Farad Khoyratee , Enrico Rinaldi , Khyati Jain , Rishab Khincha , Franco Nori

We introduce a physics-inspired continuous relaxation framework that yields substantially improved solutions for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, including Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), binary sparse…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-26 Khen Cohen , Mark Glass , Meir Feder , Yaron Oz